Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity
This study examined the effect of perceived predation risk imposed by lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on red deer (Cervus elaphus) foraging behavior under experimental conditions. We hypothesized that in response to large carnivore scent red deer would increase their vigilance, although redu...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3000021 https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab071 |
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fthsinnlandet:oai:brage.inn.no:11250/3000021 2024-03-03T08:43:29+00:00 Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity Calkoen, Suzanne T. S. van Beeck Kreikenbohm, Rebekka Kuijper, Dries P. J. Heurich, Marco Dietmar 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3000021 https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab071 eng eng Behavioral Ecology. 2021, 32 (5), 982-992. urn:issn:1045-2249 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3000021 https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab071 cristin:1998428 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no 982-992 32 Behavioral Ecology 5 ambush cursorial foraging behavior olfactory cues predation risk VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Peer reviewed Journal article 2021 fthsinnlandet https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab071 2024-02-02T12:42:28Z This study examined the effect of perceived predation risk imposed by lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on red deer (Cervus elaphus) foraging behavior under experimental conditions. We hypothesized that in response to large carnivore scent red deer would increase their vigilance, although reducing the frequency and duration of visits to foraging sites. Consequently, browsing intensity on tree saplings was expected to decrease, whereas a higher proportion of more preferred species was expected to be browsed to compensate for higher foraging costs. We expected stronger responses towards the ambush predator lynx, compared with the cursorial predator wolf. These hypotheses were tested in a cafeteria experiment conducted within three red deer enclosures, each containing four experimental plots with olfactory cues of wolf, lynx, cow, and water as control. On each plot, a camera trap was placed and browsing intensity was measured for one consecutive week, repeated three times. Red deer reduced their visitation duration and browsing intensity on plots with large carnivore scent. Despite red deer showing a clear preference for certain tree species, the presence of large carnivore scent did not change selectivity towards different tree species. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found more pronounced effects of wolf (cursorial) compared with lynx (ambush). This study is the first to experimentally assess the perceived risk effects on the red deer foraging behavior of large carnivores differing in hunting modes. Our findings provide insights into the role of olfactory cues in predator-prey interactions and how they can modify fine-scale herbivore-plant interactions. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Canis lupus Lynx Lynx lynx lynx Høgskolen i Innlandet: Brage INN Behavioral Ecology 32 5 982 992 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Høgskolen i Innlandet: Brage INN |
op_collection_id |
fthsinnlandet |
language |
English |
topic |
ambush cursorial foraging behavior olfactory cues predation risk VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 |
spellingShingle |
ambush cursorial foraging behavior olfactory cues predation risk VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Calkoen, Suzanne T. S. van Beeck Kreikenbohm, Rebekka Kuijper, Dries P. J. Heurich, Marco Dietmar Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity |
topic_facet |
ambush cursorial foraging behavior olfactory cues predation risk VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 |
description |
This study examined the effect of perceived predation risk imposed by lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on red deer (Cervus elaphus) foraging behavior under experimental conditions. We hypothesized that in response to large carnivore scent red deer would increase their vigilance, although reducing the frequency and duration of visits to foraging sites. Consequently, browsing intensity on tree saplings was expected to decrease, whereas a higher proportion of more preferred species was expected to be browsed to compensate for higher foraging costs. We expected stronger responses towards the ambush predator lynx, compared with the cursorial predator wolf. These hypotheses were tested in a cafeteria experiment conducted within three red deer enclosures, each containing four experimental plots with olfactory cues of wolf, lynx, cow, and water as control. On each plot, a camera trap was placed and browsing intensity was measured for one consecutive week, repeated three times. Red deer reduced their visitation duration and browsing intensity on plots with large carnivore scent. Despite red deer showing a clear preference for certain tree species, the presence of large carnivore scent did not change selectivity towards different tree species. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found more pronounced effects of wolf (cursorial) compared with lynx (ambush). This study is the first to experimentally assess the perceived risk effects on the red deer foraging behavior of large carnivores differing in hunting modes. Our findings provide insights into the role of olfactory cues in predator-prey interactions and how they can modify fine-scale herbivore-plant interactions. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Calkoen, Suzanne T. S. van Beeck Kreikenbohm, Rebekka Kuijper, Dries P. J. Heurich, Marco Dietmar |
author_facet |
Calkoen, Suzanne T. S. van Beeck Kreikenbohm, Rebekka Kuijper, Dries P. J. Heurich, Marco Dietmar |
author_sort |
Calkoen, Suzanne T. S. van Beeck |
title |
Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity |
title_short |
Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity |
title_full |
Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity |
title_fullStr |
Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity |
title_sort |
olfactory cues of large carnivores modify red deer behavior and browsing intensity |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3000021 https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab071 |
genre |
Canis lupus Lynx Lynx lynx lynx |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus Lynx Lynx lynx lynx |
op_source |
982-992 32 Behavioral Ecology 5 |
op_relation |
Behavioral Ecology. 2021, 32 (5), 982-992. urn:issn:1045-2249 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3000021 https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab071 cristin:1998428 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab071 |
container_title |
Behavioral Ecology |
container_volume |
32 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
982 |
op_container_end_page |
992 |
_version_ |
1792498903265837056 |