Loss of Territory because of Sea Level Rise and Fortune of the State

• Published in: Law Journal of the Higher School of Economics
• Main Author: Шинкарецкая, Галина
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Russian
• Published: Национальный исследовательский университет "Высшая школа экономики" 2023
• Subjects: state territory; international law; climate warming; island states; sea level rise; confederation; association of states; population; recognition; institution of responsibility; международное право; признание; потепление климата; островные государства; уровень моря; государственная территория; объединение государств; конфедерация; население; институт ответственности; Arctic; Greenland; Pacific; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://law-journal.hse.ru/article/view/20030; https://doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2023.3.173.191

The rise in the level of the world ocean due to global climate warming and the active melting of the glaciers of Antarctica, the Arctic and Greenland has created serious threats to the population (numbering more than a billion) of the low-lying places of the planet, which are threatened with complete flooding of their territories, so that some states located on them may completely cease to exist. At the end of the twentieth century, the Pacific island States, whose height above sea level does not exceed 10 meters, called on the international community to pay attention to the issue. They are taking measures for the construction of protective walls, etc., but most of these countries are developing, and such structures require them to incur exorbitant costs. Four elements that make up the concept of the State are generally recognized. Its population and Government can operate on the territory of other States, but without the territory where the State exercises its sovereign rule, it cannot exist. Still alienating those in a small number of cases, it was committed by the State itself, and for the most part — as a result of the commission of an international crime, such as conquest or occupation. There were no examples of the termination of the state as a result of natural phenomena in the world. The institution of responsibility arises in a new way: no one is to blame for catastrophic events; the international community is responsible for ensuring the normal existence of threatened States and their populations. The positions expressed by the States show that the island States themselves and other members of the international communitypresume the continuation of the international legal personality of the submerged States. In the practice of States, there are examples when they have changed the status of part of their territory, sometimes unusual, such as, for example, joint sovereignty. Joining another state, formation of a federation or confederation, cession or lease of territory are more common. There is not a ...