Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex
Olfactory communication occurs in carnivores and many scent-mark with anal gland secretions (AGS), which contain a variety of information including sex-related cues. Currently, there is disagreement about whether bear species, other than the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca, possess anal glands or...
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fthsbuskerudcom:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/2437930 2023-05-15T18:42:07+02:00 Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex Rosell, Frank Jojola, Susan M. Ingdal, Kristian Lassen, Bård Andreas Swenson, Jon Arnemo, Jon Martin Zedrosser, Andreas 2012-04-10T07:08:54Z http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2437930 eng eng Wiley Copyright The Authors. All rights reserved analog coding digital coding gas chromatography-mass spectrometry partial least squares regression sex difference 488 Journal article Peer reviewed 2012 fthsbuskerudcom 2017-05-21T08:14:04Z Olfactory communication occurs in carnivores and many scent-mark with anal gland secretions (AGS), which contain a variety of information including sex-related cues. Currently, there is disagreement about whether bear species, other than the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca, possess anal glands or anal sacs. We documented anal sacs in brown bears Ursus arctos and analyzed AGS from 17 free-ranging, sexually mature individuals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We hypothesized that brown bear AGS codes for sex, as it does in giant pandas, and predicted that AGS shows sex differences in gas chromatogram (GC) profiles, number of compounds, the digital and analog coding of chemical compounds, and color. We found 90 different compounds. Our results support the predictions that male and female AGS differs in GC, analog coding and possibly color. However, we found no significant difference between sexes in number of detected compounds or in the digital coding. Our results confirm that brown bears possess anal sacs, that secretions likely relay information about sex, and suggest other chemical information critical to the bears' social system is encoded in the AGS. The definitive version is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com Accepted version Article in Journal/Newspaper Ursus arctos University of South-Eastern Norway: USN Open Archive (Brage) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of South-Eastern Norway: USN Open Archive (Brage) |
op_collection_id |
fthsbuskerudcom |
language |
English |
topic |
analog coding digital coding gas chromatography-mass spectrometry partial least squares regression sex difference 488 |
spellingShingle |
analog coding digital coding gas chromatography-mass spectrometry partial least squares regression sex difference 488 Rosell, Frank Jojola, Susan M. Ingdal, Kristian Lassen, Bård Andreas Swenson, Jon Arnemo, Jon Martin Zedrosser, Andreas Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex |
topic_facet |
analog coding digital coding gas chromatography-mass spectrometry partial least squares regression sex difference 488 |
description |
Olfactory communication occurs in carnivores and many scent-mark with anal gland secretions (AGS), which contain a variety of information including sex-related cues. Currently, there is disagreement about whether bear species, other than the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca, possess anal glands or anal sacs. We documented anal sacs in brown bears Ursus arctos and analyzed AGS from 17 free-ranging, sexually mature individuals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We hypothesized that brown bear AGS codes for sex, as it does in giant pandas, and predicted that AGS shows sex differences in gas chromatogram (GC) profiles, number of compounds, the digital and analog coding of chemical compounds, and color. We found 90 different compounds. Our results support the predictions that male and female AGS differs in GC, analog coding and possibly color. However, we found no significant difference between sexes in number of detected compounds or in the digital coding. Our results confirm that brown bears possess anal sacs, that secretions likely relay information about sex, and suggest other chemical information critical to the bears' social system is encoded in the AGS. The definitive version is available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com Accepted version |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rosell, Frank Jojola, Susan M. Ingdal, Kristian Lassen, Bård Andreas Swenson, Jon Arnemo, Jon Martin Zedrosser, Andreas |
author_facet |
Rosell, Frank Jojola, Susan M. Ingdal, Kristian Lassen, Bård Andreas Swenson, Jon Arnemo, Jon Martin Zedrosser, Andreas |
author_sort |
Rosell, Frank |
title |
Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex |
title_short |
Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex |
title_full |
Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex |
title_fullStr |
Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex |
title_full_unstemmed |
Brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex |
title_sort |
brown bears possess anal sacs and secretions may code for sex |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2437930 |
genre |
Ursus arctos |
genre_facet |
Ursus arctos |
op_rights |
Copyright The Authors. All rights reserved |
_version_ |
1766231720332361728 |