Kasnosrednjovjekovna i ranonovovjekovna populacija iz Ivankova, istočna Hrvatska: rezultati (bio)arheološke analize

• Published in: Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu
• Main Authors: Krznar, Siniša, Hajdu, Tamás
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English; Croatian
• Published: Institute of arhaeology 2020
• Subjects: Slavonija; rimokatoličko župno groblje; materijalna kultura; koštani ostaci; paleopatologija; Slavonia; Roman Catholic parish cemetery; material culture; skeletal remains; paleopathology; Rani; sami
• Online Access: https://hrcak.srce.hr/247812; https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/360715; https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/360714

U radu su predstavljeni rezultati zaštitnih arheoloških iskopavanja provedenih uz crkvu Rođenja sv. Ivana Krstitelja u Ivankovu pored Vinkovaca prilikom čega je istraženo 55 grobova. Riječ je o rimokatoličkome župnom groblju koje se, na osnovi stratigrafskih odnosa i pronađenih nalaza materijalne kulture, može datirati od kraja 13. sve do 18. stoljeća, tj. u kasni srednji i rani novi vijek. Arheološki nalazi su u skladu s vremenskim periodom skromni i uglavnom se radi o dijelovima nošnje te nakitu (prstenje, pojas, pojasna kopča, kopčice s kukom i ušicom, igle, nož). Pored arheoloških nalaza, funkcioniranje župe, a samim time i groblja, u vrijeme osmanlijske vladavine Ivankovom potvrđuju i povijesni izvori. Pokojnici su položeni u jednostavne zemljane rake i uglavnom orijentirani zapad – istok. Većina grobova oštećena je naknadnim ukopima tako da su i sami kosturi relativno loše (parcijalno) sačuvani. Detaljnu bioarheološku analizu koštanih ostataka iz Ivankova bilo je moguće provesti na 53 osobe (10 djece, 13 žena i 30 muškaraca). Analiza dento-alveolarnih oboljenja pokazuje visoke učestalosti karijesa i zaživotnoga gubitka zuba, što ukazuje na loše oralno zdravlje, ali i prehranu temeljenu na ugljikohidratima, tj. žitaricama. Visoke stope učestalosti pokazatelja fiziološkoga stresa (cribra orbitalia i linearna hipoplazija zubne cakline) kao i periostitisa te prisutnost zaraznih bolesti, kao što je tuberkuloza, svjedoči o generalno lošem zdravstvenom stanju za većinu stanovništva ovoga mjesta. Distribucija i morfologija koštanih ozljeda u uzorku iz Ivankova ukazuju da su nastale kao posljedica nesretnih slučajeva, najvjerojatnije povezanih sa svakodnevnim aktivnostima unutar zajednice kao što su rad u polju ili sa stokom te rad u kući. This paper presents the results of rescue archaeological excavations conducted around the church of the Birth of St. John the Baptist in Ivankovo near Vinkovci during which 55 graves were excavated. Based on the stratigraphic relationships between the graves and archaeological finds of material culture, this Roman Catholic parish cemetery can be dated to the period from the end of the 13th to the 18th century, i.e. to the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. The archaeological finds are scarce and usually include parts of costumes and jewelry (rings, belts, belt buckles, hook-and-eye fasteners, pins, knives), which is common for this period. Aside from the archaeological finds, historical sources also attest to the existence of the parish and the cemetery during the Ottoman rule. The deceased were laid in grave pits, which were usually oriented in the west-east direction. Most graves were damaged by later burials and the skeletons themselves are also relatively poorly (partially) preserved. A detailed bioarchaeological analysis of skeletal remains from Ivankovo could be conducted on 53 people (10 children, 13 women, and 30 men). Dentoalveolar disease analysis showed a high frequency of caries and ante mortem tooth loss, which suggest poor oral health, but also a diet based on carbohydrates, i.e. grains. High rate of physiological stress indicators (cribra orbitalia and linear enamel hypoplasia), periostitis, and the presence of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis indicate that most residents were in poor health condition. The distribution and morphology of skeletal injuries from Ivankovo assemblage suggest that they were caused by accidents that probably occurred during everyday activities within the community, such as working in the field, with cattle, or in the house.