Insekticid fipronil u proizvodima od peradi u Europskoj uniji

• Published in: Veterinarska stanica
• Main Authors: Đokić, Maja, Sedak, Marija, Bilandžić, Nina
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Croatian
• Published: Croatian veterinary institute 2020
• Subjects: fipronil; pesticidi; jaja; EFSA; sigurnost hrane; pesticides; eggs; food safety; Bol; Iceland
• Online Access: https://hrcak.srce.hr/236151; https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/343077

Fipronil je insekticid širokog spektra djelovanja koji se ubraja u skupinu fenilpirazola. Prvi je insekticid koji je djelovao ciljajući GABA (gama-aminomaslačnu kiselinu) receptor i imao povoljnu selektivnu toksičnost prema insektima, ali ne i sisavcima. U skladu s uredbom (EZ) br. 1107/2009. fipronil nije odobren u sredstvima za zaštitu bilja te je zabranjeno tretiranje životinja namijenjenih za prehranu ljudi u Europskoj uniji (EU). Najveća dopuštena količina (NDK) fipronila ustvrđena je prema Uredbi 396/2005. o maksimalnim razinama ostataka pesticida u i na hrani i hrani za životinje biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla te za jaja i meso peradi iznosi 0,005 mg/kg. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) klasificirala je fipronil kao umjereno opasan pesticid II klase. Konzumiranje malih količina fipronila izaziva mučninu, glavobolju, povraćanje, bol u želucu, slabost i vrtoglavicu. Nakon apsorpcije u ljudi distribuira se u tkiva i oslobađa aktivne metabolite koji se nakupljaju uglavnom u masnom tkivu. Eksperimenti na miševima pokazali su da produljena izloženost visokim dozama fipronila prouzroči rak štitnjače u mužjaka i ženki. Pojava fipronila u jajima u EU zabilježena je 2016. godine u Belgiji. Kao posljedica ustvrđene zlouporabe fipronila na farmama pilića, države članice EU i Europska komisija dogovorile su provedbu ad-hoc monitoringa na ostatke insekticida fipronila i drugih akaricida u jajima i mesu peradi. Europska agencija za sigurnost hrane (EFSA) objavila je izvješće o rezultatima monitoringa te su u ukupnoj količini od 5439 uzoraka jaja i mesa peradi u zemljama članicama EU i Islandu u 742 uzorka (13,6 %) ustvrđene količine veće od zakonski dopuštenih. Većina nesukladnih rezultata odnosila se na fipronil u uzorcima kokošjih jaja i masnog tkiva kokoši nesilica. U uzorcima iz Republike Hrvatske nisu ustvrđeni nesukladni rezultati. Uzorci koji su prekoračili zakonsko ograničenje bili su podrijetlom iz Nizozemske, Italije, Njemačke, Poljske, Mađarske, Francuske, Slovenije i Grčke. Članice EU su u kontroli proizvoda koji se upućuju na tržište EU nesukladne rezultate fipronila prijavljivale u razdoblju 2017.-2019. putem centralnog sustava brzog uzbunjivanja za hranu i hranu za životinje - RASFF. Ukupno je prijavljeno 128 različitih proizvoda s nesukladnim koncentracijama fipronila, a najviše se obavijesti odnosilo na jaja i proizvode od jaja. Pri tome je u okviru poduzetih mjera za čak 45 prijava provedeno povlačenje kontaminiranih jaja s tržišta, obavljeno je po 9 zapljena i 9 službenih pritvora. Na temelju ustvrđenih nesukladnih nalaza fipronila Europska komisija je prema Provedbenoj Uredbi Komisije (EU) 2019/533 uvrstila njegovu kontrolu u okviru koordiniranog višegodišnjeg programa kontrole EU za razdoblje 2020.-2022. Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole group. It is an insecticide that acts by targeting the GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) receptor and has favourable selective toxicity to insects rather than mammals. Pursuant to Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009, fipronil is not authorized in plant protection products and it is forbidden to treat animals intended for human consumption in the European Union (EU). The maximum permitted residue level (MRL) of fipronil is 0.005 mg/ kg for eggs and poultry, as established under Regulation 396/2005 on maximum levels of pesticide residues in and on food and feed of plant and animal origin. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified fipronil as a mildly dangerous class II pesticide. Consuming small amounts of fipronil causes nausea, headache, vomiting, stomach pain, weakness and dizziness. After absorption in humans, it is distributed into tissues and releases active metabolites that accumulate mainly in adipose tissue. Experiments in mice have shown that prolonged exposure to high doses of fipronil causes thyroid cancer in males and females. The occurrence of fipronil in eggs in the EU was reported in Belgium in 2016. As a consequence of the identified misuse of fipronil found on chicken farms, EU Member States and the European Commission have agreed to carry out ad-hoc monitoring of fipronil insecticides and other acaricides in eggs and poultry meat. In a monitoring report published by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 742 samples (13.6%) of a total of 5439 eggs and poultry samples in EU Member States and Iceland exceeded the legal limits. Most inconsistent results were related to fipronil in chicken eggs and fat of laying hens. No non-compliant results were found in samples from the Republic of Croatia. Samples exceeding the legal limit originated from the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Poland, Hungary, France, Slovenia and Greece. EU Member States reported non-compliant fipronil results in the control of products marketed in the EU during 2017-2019 via the Central Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). In total, 128 different products with non-compliant fipronil concentrations were reported, with the most reports regarding eggs and egg products. In the framework of the measures taken, as many as 45 complaints were filed to withdraw contaminated eggs from the market, and nine confiscations and nine official detentions were carried out. Based on the identified non-compliant findings of fipronil, the European Commission has listed its control under Commission Coordinated Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/533 under the coordinated multi-annual EU control program for the period 2020-2022.