Podrška škole djeci s teškoćama u ponašanju i učenju iz perspektive roditelja i djece

• Published in: Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja
• Main Authors: Koller-Trbović, Nivex, Mirosavljević, Anja, Ratkajec Gašević, Gabrijela
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Croatian
• Published: Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences 2019
• Subjects: djeca s teškoćama u ponašanju i učenju; podrška u školi; perspektiva roditelja i djece; children with learning and behaviour difficulties; school support; perspective of parents and children; sami
• Online Access: https://hrcak.srce.hr/232946; https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/338852

Cilj je rada opisati doživljaj i iskustvo podrške škole djeci s teškoćama u učenju i ponašanju iz roditeljske i dječje perspektive primjenom obiteljskog intervjua s 10 obitelji u riziku, odnosno 33 sudionika. Induktivna tematska analiza intervjua ukazala je na ključnu temu ‒ kako teškoće u učenju i ponašanju djece na koje škola ne reagira progrediraju u probleme u ponašanju i učenju kao i u probleme u obitelji. U skladu s postavljenim istraživačkim pitanjima dolazi se do spoznaja kako veliku važnost sudionici pripisuju školovanju i školi. Školovanje kroz cijelo djetinjstvo opterećuje i roditelje i djecu. Teškoće su prisutne gotovo od samog početka školovanja i roditelji kontinuirano traže pomoć stručnjaka u školama i u institucijama izvan škole, ali njihov je doživljaj da ne nailaze na razumijevanje i pomoć, već se uglavnom sami nose s tim problemima. Tako dolazi i do progrediranja i širenja problema na druga životna područja osim škole. Ako i postoje određene intervencije koje škola osigurava, one prema doživljaju sudionika najčešće kasne i nisu usklađene s vrstom i intenzitetom potreba djece. Kako pokazuje iskustvo sudionika, poziv za pomoć i suradnju često je dolazio od roditelja, pa čak i od same djece, što znači da nije bilo potrebno motivirati roditelje za sudjelovanje u intervenciji, pa tim prije iznenađuje percepcija nemogućnosti škole da pruži pomoć i podršku tim učenicima i roditeljima. Kroz raspravu o rezultatima proizašlim iz perspektive sudionika ponuđeni su prijedlozi djelovanja škole kako bi se odgovorilo na potrebe djece s teškoćama u ponašanju i učenju. The aim of this paper was to describe perceptions and experiences of school support for pupils with learning and behavioural difficulties from the perspective of parents and their children. Interviews were conducted with 33 participants in 10 families at risk. Inductive thematic analysis showed that the key topic was to explain how behaviour and learning difficulties unnoticed by the school progress to behaviour and learning problems and problems in the family environment. The results suggest that family members perceive school as extremely important in their value system, and that schooling is a key topic present throughout childhood, burdening children as well as parents. Behaviour/learning problems are evident from the start of elementary school. To solve such problems, parents seek help first from school experts, and later from experts working in other services. From the parents’ perspective, they find neither understanding nor help, and they feel that they are usually left to cope with problems on their own. Therefore, progression of problems and their spread into non-academic types of problems are evident. In cases where schools ensure some kind of interventions, the perspective of research participants is that they are not matched with the type or intensity of the child’s needs. As experience from the research participants show, calls for help and assistance often come from parents, or even the children themselves. That means that it is unnecessary to motivate parents to participate in interventions, so the lack of school interest in providing support to parents and pupils is surprising. Possible school interventions that are focused on the needs of children with behaviour and learning difficulties are proposed in the discussion.