Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea
Since 2007, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) such as uranium-238 and radon-222 etc. in groundwater from the Community Water-supply Systems (CWS) in two islands have been studied in South Korea. In 71 samples from Ganghwa (G) Island, the maximum value of uranium-238 concentration is 7...
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fthrcak:oai:hrcak.srce.hr:202973 2023-05-15T18:45:48+02:00 Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea Kim, MoonSu Kim, Ikhyun Kim, Hyunkoo Jo, Hunje Park, Sunhwa Hwang, Jongyeon Kim, Dongsoo Jo, Seongjin Kim, Taeseung Cheong, Hyenmi 2018-06-21 https://hrcak.srce.hr/202973 https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/298824 eng eng Croatian Geological Survey info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4154/gc.2018.11 https://hrcak.srce.hr/202973 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Full text of articles are freely accessable. Subscription to print issue is 500,00 Kn (80 Eur) per volume. Geologia Croatica ISSN 1330-030X (Print) ISSN 1333-4875 (Online) Volume 71 Issue 2 geologic setting groudwater uranium-238 radon-222 text info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2018 fthrcak https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2018.11 2018-07-04T22:58:58Z Since 2007, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) such as uranium-238 and radon-222 etc. in groundwater from the Community Water-supply Systems (CWS) in two islands have been studied in South Korea. In 71 samples from Ganghwa (G) Island, the maximum value of uranium-238 concentration is 72.21 μg/L. 3 CWSs (4.2%) exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 30 μg/L for uranium-238. The maximum value of radon-222 activity is 614 Bq/L. 28 CWSs (39.4 %) did not meet the United States Environment Protection Agency (US EPA) proposed Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level (AMCL) of 148 Bq/L for radon-222. At all CWS that did not meet the US EPA’s MCL or AMCL, some appropriate actions were taken such as water treatment, alternative well development, mixing water of different origins, and so forth. In the 52 CWSs of Jeju (J) Island, the maximum value of uranium-238 and radon-222 concentrations are 1.37 μg/L and 94.83 Bq/L, respectively. All values for uranium-238, gross alpha, and radon-222 meet MCL and proposed AMCL of US EPA drinking water standard. The two islands have different geological settings that are believed to be the causes of the big differences in the NORM levels. Geologically an old island has much higher NORM values than a young island formed in the Quaternary Period due to hydrogeological factors such as recharge and infiltration rates of precipitation. The residence times in the aquifers for water-rock (mineral) interactions are very different from each other. Article in Journal/Newspaper Young Island Hrčak - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia Young Island ENVELOPE(162.400,162.400,-66.417,-66.417) Geologia Croatica 71 2 91 95 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Hrčak - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia |
op_collection_id |
fthrcak |
language |
English |
topic |
geologic setting groudwater uranium-238 radon-222 |
spellingShingle |
geologic setting groudwater uranium-238 radon-222 Kim, MoonSu Kim, Ikhyun Kim, Hyunkoo Jo, Hunje Park, Sunhwa Hwang, Jongyeon Kim, Dongsoo Jo, Seongjin Kim, Taeseung Cheong, Hyenmi Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea |
topic_facet |
geologic setting groudwater uranium-238 radon-222 |
description |
Since 2007, Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) such as uranium-238 and radon-222 etc. in groundwater from the Community Water-supply Systems (CWS) in two islands have been studied in South Korea. In 71 samples from Ganghwa (G) Island, the maximum value of uranium-238 concentration is 72.21 μg/L. 3 CWSs (4.2%) exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 30 μg/L for uranium-238. The maximum value of radon-222 activity is 614 Bq/L. 28 CWSs (39.4 %) did not meet the United States Environment Protection Agency (US EPA) proposed Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level (AMCL) of 148 Bq/L for radon-222. At all CWS that did not meet the US EPA’s MCL or AMCL, some appropriate actions were taken such as water treatment, alternative well development, mixing water of different origins, and so forth. In the 52 CWSs of Jeju (J) Island, the maximum value of uranium-238 and radon-222 concentrations are 1.37 μg/L and 94.83 Bq/L, respectively. All values for uranium-238, gross alpha, and radon-222 meet MCL and proposed AMCL of US EPA drinking water standard. The two islands have different geological settings that are believed to be the causes of the big differences in the NORM levels. Geologically an old island has much higher NORM values than a young island formed in the Quaternary Period due to hydrogeological factors such as recharge and infiltration rates of precipitation. The residence times in the aquifers for water-rock (mineral) interactions are very different from each other. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kim, MoonSu Kim, Ikhyun Kim, Hyunkoo Jo, Hunje Park, Sunhwa Hwang, Jongyeon Kim, Dongsoo Jo, Seongjin Kim, Taeseung Cheong, Hyenmi |
author_facet |
Kim, MoonSu Kim, Ikhyun Kim, Hyunkoo Jo, Hunje Park, Sunhwa Hwang, Jongyeon Kim, Dongsoo Jo, Seongjin Kim, Taeseung Cheong, Hyenmi |
author_sort |
Kim, MoonSu |
title |
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea |
title_short |
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea |
title_full |
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea |
title_fullStr |
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in South Korea |
title_sort |
naturally occurring radioactive materials (norm) in the groundwater of two islands with various geologic settings in south korea |
publisher |
Croatian Geological Survey |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hrcak.srce.hr/202973 https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/298824 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(162.400,162.400,-66.417,-66.417) |
geographic |
Young Island |
geographic_facet |
Young Island |
genre |
Young Island |
genre_facet |
Young Island |
op_source |
Geologia Croatica ISSN 1330-030X (Print) ISSN 1333-4875 (Online) Volume 71 Issue 2 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4154/gc.2018.11 https://hrcak.srce.hr/202973 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Full text of articles are freely accessable. Subscription to print issue is 500,00 Kn (80 Eur) per volume. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2018.11 |
container_title |
Geologia Croatica |
container_volume |
71 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
91 |
op_container_end_page |
95 |
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1766236967259865088 |