Rasprostranjenost invazivne strane vrste pajasena [Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle] po županijama Republike Hrvatske

• Main Authors: Novak, Maja, Novak, Nenad
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Croatian
• Published: Croatian Plant Protection Society 2017
• Subjects: pajasen; Ailanthus altissima; invazivna vrsta; rasprostranjenost; bioraznolikost; Hrvatska; tree of heaven; invasive species; distribution; biodiversity; Croatia; Puta; Rasta; Antarc*; Antarctica; antartic*
• Online Access: http://hrcak.srce.hr/189200; http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/278761

Pajasen (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) brzorastuće je listopadno stablo podrijetlom iz sušnih i toplih dijelova Kine. Proširen je na svim kontinentima, osim na Antartici, te se smatra jednom od najinvazivnijih biljnih vrsta. Cilj provedenog monitoringa bio je utvrditi rasprostranjenost pajasena u Hrvatskoj, detektirati najčešća staništa i uvjete rasta, veličinu i vigor populacija, visinu i gustoću biljaka te utjecaj na autohtone vrste. Pregledom su obuhvaćene sve županije, po dvije do tri godišnje. Svaka je županija tijekom vegetacijske sezone posjećena dva, tri puta. Provedenim monitoringom u razdoblju od 2007. do 2014. pajasen je zabilježen u Gradu Zagrebu i svim županijama. U kontinentalnom dijelu Hrvatske proširen je na ograničenim područjima i ne predstavlja izravnu opasnost, iako u nekim područjima preuzima prostor na štetu ostalog bilja te pokazuje tendenciju intenzivnog širenja i potiskivanja autohtonih vrsta. Duž cijelog obalnog područja, uz jadransku magistralu, u turističkim mjestima i gradovima te na otocima, pajasen je zabilježen kao vrlo agresivna vrsta u stalnoj, gotovo vidljivoj ekspanziji u kojoj vrlo često agresivno formira monokulturu, čime smanjuje bioraznolikost. Utvrđeno je da mu odgovaraju devastirana staništa na kojima prostor osvaja puno brže od ostalih vrsta te da je čovjekov vjerni pratilac. Zbog izoliranosti ekosustava osobitu opasnost predstavlja na otocima. U zaštićenim područjima u kojima je prisutan, kao što su Park prirode Biokovo i Nacionalni park Krka, može nanijeti nepopravljivu štetu. Tree of heaven is a fast ‐ growing deciduous tree originating from dry and warm parts of China. The species is spread on every continent except Antarctica, and is considered one of the most invasive plant species. The objective of this monitoring was to determine the distribution of tree of heaven in Croatia, the most common habitats and growing conditions, the size and vigor of the populations, height and density of the plants and impact on native species. Two to three counties were visited per year, and each is being visited two to three times during the growing season. Monitoring was carried out in the period 2007. – 2014. and tree of heaven was recorded in Zagreb and all 20 counties in Croatia. In the continental part of Croatia, tree of heaven was extended to limited areas and do not represent a direct threat, although in some areas it suppress other plants, and shows a tendency to intensive expansion and suppression of indigenous plants. Along the coastal area, along the main costal road, at tourist resorts and cities, and on the islands tree of heaven was recorded as a very aggressive species which often form monocultures thus reducing biodiversity. It was found that tree of heaven prefers devastated habitats, it occupies areas a lot faster than other species, and it is man's faithful companion. Three of heaven presents a special danger on islands because of the isolated ecosystems and in protected areas in which it is recorded, such as Nature Park Biokovo and National Park Krka.