INTERNIRCI I BJEGUNCI NA VARAŽDINSKOM PODRUČJU U VRIJEME PRVOG SVJETSKOG RATA

• Main Author: Burek, Višnja
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Croatian; English
• Published: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts 2016
• Subjects: Prvi svjetski rat; internirci; Srijemci; bjegunci; Varaždin; First World War; internees; Srijem people; fugitives; Morali; Rata; sami
• Online Access: http://hrcak.srce.hr/171599; http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/253194; http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/253195

U vrijeme Prvog svjetskog rata stanovništvo Varaždina privremeno je povećano ne samo brojnim vojnicima i ranjenicima već i civilima, austrougarskim građanima, koji su bili prisilno evakuirani i internirani na varaždinsko područje ili su se bijegom iz ratnog područja zatekli u gradu. Internirano srpsko stanovništvo iz Srijemske i susjednih županija bilo je smješteno u domobranskoj vojarni u Varaždinu, na vlastelinstvima u Jurketincu, Klenovniku, Konjščini i Bisag te ciglani u Cerju Tužnom i nakon završetka ratnih operacija na balkanskom bojištu vraćaju se u svoj zavičaj. Prvi bjegunci bili su klerici reda sv. Bazilija iz Galicije koji su pobjegli iz ratnog područja tijekom jeseni 1914. i boravili do ljeta 1916. u franjevačkom samostanu u Varaždinu. Bjegunci nisu predstavljali homogenu skupinu ni u kojem pogledu, osim u pogledu razloga bijega: strahote rata, nasilje vojske, siromaštvo, nestašica, glad i borba za preživljavanje. Najviše bjegunaca dolazilo je u grad od 1916. – 1918. pretežno iz austrijskog dijela Monarhije. Nisu dolazili prisilno i organizirano kao internirci i morali su se sami snalaziti. Boravak u Varaždinu smatrali su privremenim i, nakon nestanka uzroka bijegu, većina se vratila u svoj zavičaj. During the First World War, Varaždin’s population increased temporarily in the number not only due to many soldiers and the wounded, but also due to civilians, i.e. Austro-Hungarian citizens, who were forced to evacuate and then interned in Varaždin’s region, or who fled from the war area and arrived in the town. The interned Serbian citizens from Srijem and other neighbouring counties were taken into the home guard barracks in Varaždin, to private properties in Jurketinec, Klenovnik, Konjščina and Bisag, and to the brickyards in Cerje Tužno. The internees returned home after the war operations on the Balkan battlefields had ended. The first fugitives were clergymen of St. Basil’s Order from Galicia, who fled from the war area during the autumn of 1914 and stayed here in the Franciscan monastery in Varaždin until the summer of 1916. The fugitives were not a homogenous group if we consider the reasons why they had fled: war horrors, army violence, poverty, dearth, hunger, and struggle to survive. The majority of fugitives were arriving into the town primarily from the Austrian part of the Monarchy from 1916 to 1918. They were neither forced to leave nor organised, as for example the internees were, so that they were left to themselves. They decided to stay in Varaždin temporarily and after all the reasons, due to which they had fled, disappeared, the most of them returned to their hometowns.