OROFACIJALNE OZLJEDE U SPORTU

• Main Authors: Jerolimov, Vjekoslav; Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Bubalo, Vatroslav; Klinièki zavod za stomatološku protetiku, KB Dubrava
• Format: Text
• Language: Croatian
• Published: Croatian Olympic Committee 2014
• Subjects: sport; orofacijalne ozljede; orofacijalni poremećaji;prevencija;interdentalni štitnici; individualni interdentalni štitnici; orofacial injuries;orofacial dysfunctions; prevention;mouthguards;custom-made mouthguards; Puta; sami
• Online Access: http://hrcak.srce.hr/136931; http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/201863

Ozljede orofacijalnog sustava česte su tijekom sportskih aktivnosti, ovisno o vrsti sportske discipline te drugim okolnostima. Orofacijalne ozljede i disfunkcije rezultat su makrotrauma i mikrotrauma, a mogu imati za posljedicu raznovrsnu simptomatologiju, koja može biti uzrok privremenog ili trajnog prekida bavljenja sportskim aktivnostima. Većina ozljeda u sportu nastaje iz predvidivih razloga, pa se na njih može preventivno utjecati. U preventivne mjere nastanka orofacijalnih ozljeda i poremećaja u sportu spada korištenje raznih oblika zaštitnih sredstava: ekstraoralnih, interdentalnih (intraoralnih) i kombiniranih štitnika za usta i zube. Interdentalni štitnici mogu biti gotovi, polugotovi ili individualno izraðeni. Imaju raznovrsnu ulogu u sprjeèavanju ozljeda orofacijalnih tkiva u sportu. Korištenjem interdentalnih štitnika broj se ozljeda orofacijalnih tkiva značajno smanjuje, tj. oko 10 do 60 puta, a takoðer se time uvelike smanjuje i težina zadobivenih ozljeda. Sportske ozljede, pa tako i one orofacijalnog sustava, bez obzira nastaju li u rekreativnom ili natjecateljskom sportu, zahtijevaju multidisciplinarni pristup, kako pri dijagnostici i liječenju, tako i u provoðenju preventivnih mjera. Sportski liječnici, treneri, sportski djelatnici, roditelji i sami sportaši trebaju trajno biti educirani i upuæivani u iznimnu važnost preventivnih mjera, u kome je smislu uloga sportskog stomatologa nezaobilazna. Orofacial injuries are common in sporting activities, depending on type of sport and many other circumstances. Orofacial injuries and dysfunctions are result of macrotraumas (acute and strong hits) and microtraumas (repetitive injuring) resulting in various symptomatology, with temporary or permanent cessation of sport activity. In sporting activities it is very important to limit or completely avoid injury risk. Most injuries in sports are predictable and therefore preventable. Measures for preventing orofacial injuries and dysfunctions in sporting activities include various types of protection appliances: extraoral, intra-oral and combined mouth and teeth protectors. Intraoral (interdental) sports guards (mouthguards) can be stock or ready-made, mouth-formed (self-adapted) or custom-made mouthguards. These mouthguards, mutually different in quality, play a very important role in prevention of orofacial tissue injuries: protect teeth and soft tissues against injuries, upper and lower jaw fractures, prevent dislocation of temporomandibular joint, and also reduce frequency and severity of head and neck injuries. Use of mouthguards significantly reduces the number of orofacial tissue injuries, i.e. for about 10 to 60 times, and also reduces the severity of sustained injuries. Sports injuries, as well as those to orofacial and temporomandibular area, regardless of whether they are incurred in recreational or competitive sport, require multidisciplinary approach, both in diagnostics and treatment and in implementation of prevention measures. Sports doctors, coaches, sports officials, parents and athletes themselves should also be permanently educated on the exceptional importance of prevention measures, thus making the role of sports dentist unavoidable.