コリマ・ユカギール語のSupine : 統語機能と言語接触

• Main Author: 長崎, 郁
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 日本北方言語学会
• Subjects: 目的節; 補部節; 動作名詞; ロシア語; 不定形; 800; Kolyma; Kolyma Yukaghir; Yukaghir
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80948

The supine of verbs in Kolyma Yukaghir appears in three different syntactic environments (Jochelson 1905, Krejnovič 1982, Maslova 2003a): (A) the predicate of a purposive adverbial clause, (B) the main verb in the prospective-aspect construction, and (C) the predicate of a complement clause. Among these three syntactic functions, the latter can be further divided into three: (C-1) the predicate of an S-complement clause, (C-2) the predicate of an O-complement clause, and (C-3) the predicate of an E-complement clause (S = intransitive subject, O = object, E = extended argument). The supine of (A), (B), and (C-3) can be replaced with the dative action nominal of verbs, which lacks the third-person possessor, as described in previous studies. This coexistence of the two verbal forms can be explained by the origin of the supine. That is, the supine suffix -din/-tin is in fact the “frozen” combination of the third-person possessor -de/-te and the dative -(ŋ)in. The coexistence is more clearly observed in the texts collected at the end of the 19th century than those collected after the middle of the 20th century, in which the use of the dative action nominal is quite rare. Thus, it can be stated that instead of the dative action nominal, the supine has become increasingly widespread. The supine of (C-1) and (C-2) can be replaced with the action nominal marked by the same case markers as those used for nominal subjects and objects. The coexistence of the supine and the action nominal with subject/object case marking is odd because it has no diachronic ground. In addition, there are no instances of the supine used as the predicate of an S-/O-complement clause in the texts of the 19th century, which leads to the consideration that these functions are novel. The emergence of the new functions of the supine might be a result of the language contact of Kolyma Yukaghir with Russian, which had become closer in the 20th century, rather than a solely internal change.