アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え
This paper reconstructs the vigesimal system and the numerals based on that system in Post-Proto-Ainu by comparing three dialects of Ainu: the Hokkaido dialect, the Sakhalin dialect, and the Kuril dialect. In the Ainu vigesimal system, multiples of 20 are indicated by hot, the word for “20,” whose p...
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fthokunivhus:oai:eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp:2115/80943 2023-05-15T18:09:19+02:00 アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え Ainu Numerals Revisited : The Shift from Undercounting to Overcounting in the Vigesimal System 落合, いずみ http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80943 jpn jpn 日本北方言語学会 http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80943 北方言語研究, 11: 99-121 アイヌ語 二十進法 上方算法 チベット・ビルマ諸語 800 bulletin (article) fthokunivhus 2022-11-18T01:06:22Z This paper reconstructs the vigesimal system and the numerals based on that system in Post-Proto-Ainu by comparing three dialects of Ainu: the Hokkaido dialect, the Sakhalin dialect, and the Kuril dialect. In the Ainu vigesimal system, multiples of 20 are indicated by hot, the word for “20,” whose proto form is reconstructed as *gOt. This paper analyzes the structures of the numerals between adjacent multiples of 20, such as the numerals from 21 to 39, from 41 to 59, and from 61 to 79. In the vigesimal system, each interval comprises 19 units. This paper proposes that the former nine units and the latter ten units show different structures. The units in the interval (e.g., 21 to 39) can either be expressed by the lower multiple of 20 (i.e., 20) or the higher multiple of 20 (i.e., 40). Expressing the units by using the lower multiple of 20 is called undercounting (or additive counting); expressing the units by using the higher multiple of 20 is called overcounting. This paper claims that the former 9 units (e.g., 21 to 29) use undercounting, whereas the latter 10 units (e.g., 30 to 39) use overcounting. The undercounted numeral 21 is expressed as “1 more than 20.” The overcounted numeral 30 is expressed as “10 goes toward 40,” and 31 as “11 goes toward 40.” In previous studies, the latter ten units have been explained by different counting methods. The odd multiples of ten (e.g., 30, 50, and 70) have been explained by subtraction (i.e., 40−10, 60−10, and 80−10, respectively). The following numerals (e.g., 31, 51, and 71) have been explained by a further addition of digits (i.e., 40−10+1, 60−10+1, and 80−10+1, respectively). This paper treats these ten units in a uniform manner by proposing an overcounting numeral system for them. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sakhalin Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (HUSCAP) |
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Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (HUSCAP) |
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fthokunivhus |
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Japanese |
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アイヌ語 二十進法 上方算法 チベット・ビルマ諸語 800 |
spellingShingle |
アイヌ語 二十進法 上方算法 チベット・ビルマ諸語 800 落合, いずみ アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え |
topic_facet |
アイヌ語 二十進法 上方算法 チベット・ビルマ諸語 800 |
description |
This paper reconstructs the vigesimal system and the numerals based on that system in Post-Proto-Ainu by comparing three dialects of Ainu: the Hokkaido dialect, the Sakhalin dialect, and the Kuril dialect. In the Ainu vigesimal system, multiples of 20 are indicated by hot, the word for “20,” whose proto form is reconstructed as *gOt. This paper analyzes the structures of the numerals between adjacent multiples of 20, such as the numerals from 21 to 39, from 41 to 59, and from 61 to 79. In the vigesimal system, each interval comprises 19 units. This paper proposes that the former nine units and the latter ten units show different structures. The units in the interval (e.g., 21 to 39) can either be expressed by the lower multiple of 20 (i.e., 20) or the higher multiple of 20 (i.e., 40). Expressing the units by using the lower multiple of 20 is called undercounting (or additive counting); expressing the units by using the higher multiple of 20 is called overcounting. This paper claims that the former 9 units (e.g., 21 to 29) use undercounting, whereas the latter 10 units (e.g., 30 to 39) use overcounting. The undercounted numeral 21 is expressed as “1 more than 20.” The overcounted numeral 30 is expressed as “10 goes toward 40,” and 31 as “11 goes toward 40.” In previous studies, the latter ten units have been explained by different counting methods. The odd multiples of ten (e.g., 30, 50, and 70) have been explained by subtraction (i.e., 40−10, 60−10, and 80−10, respectively). The following numerals (e.g., 31, 51, and 71) have been explained by a further addition of digits (i.e., 40−10+1, 60−10+1, and 80−10+1, respectively). This paper treats these ten units in a uniform manner by proposing an overcounting numeral system for them. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
落合, いずみ |
author_facet |
落合, いずみ |
author_sort |
落合, いずみ |
title |
アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え |
title_short |
アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え |
title_full |
アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え |
title_fullStr |
アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え |
title_full_unstemmed |
アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え |
title_sort |
アイヌ語の数詞再考 : 二十進法における下方算法から上方算法への切り替え |
publisher |
日本北方言語学会 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80943 |
genre |
Sakhalin |
genre_facet |
Sakhalin |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80943 北方言語研究, 11: 99-121 |
_version_ |
1766181802561503232 |