アルタイ型言語における「補助動詞」の分布について

• Main Author: 風間, 伸次郎
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Japanese
• Published: 日本北方言語学会
• Subjects: 補助動詞; アルタイ型言語; 言語類型論; 言語接触; 800; Rean; Tungusic languages
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/80941

Auxiliary verbs are used in some Altaic languages and their surrounding Altaic type languages. In this paper, auxiliary verb has been defined as “a grammaticalized verb following a converbial form of a verb.” The target languages are Altaic languages, Ko rean, and Japanese. Additionally, this paper focuses on the (mainly Altaic type) languages that surround these languages. In this study , I investigated the distribution of auxiliary verbs in the above mentioned languages as widely as possible, and reached the following conclusions. First, from the perspective of language contact, (1) auxiliary verbs relatively easily occur by influence, (2) Mongolic and Turkic languages have influenced each other to develop or maintain auxiliary verbs, and (3) the hypot hesis about the geographical distribution of auxiliary verbs proposed by Masica (1976) was not supported by this study. Second, from a contrastive linguistic point of view, the Turkic languages have various types of auxiliary verbs that realize grammat ical meanings through the position schema and the motion schema, which differ significantly from the source; however, Tungusic languages have almost no auxiliary verbs, and the limited auxiliary verbs that are present are only ones that function grammatica lly with their original meanings. Furthermore, the Mongolic languages show an intermediate character between the Turkic and Tungusic languages. I have argued that there are languages that express aspect meanings mainly with auxiliary verbs and those that d o so with suffixes, and that these are distribute d complementarily. Third, from a typological point of view, I have argued that suffixes indicate a morphological method that is more relevant to the Altaic type features than the auxiliary verbs; moreove r, I have maintained that auxiliary verbs indicating aspectual meanings are arial characteristics of this region. Therefore, I believe that the intermediate and abstract characteristics of the aspect meanings led to the usage of these auxiliary verbs. Thus , by ...