Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific
Causes of the multidecadal-scale warming of the intermediate water in the Okhotsk Sea and the western subarctic North Pacific during 1980–2008 are investigated using an ice–ocean coupled model with interannually varying atmospheric forcing. A hindcast experiment qualitatively reproduces the warming...
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fthokunivhus:oai:eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp:2115/59540 2023-05-15T13:15:03+02:00 Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific Nakanowatari, Takuya Nakamura, Tomohiro Uchimoto, Keisuke Uehara, Hiroki Mitsudera, Humio Ohshima, Kay I Hasumi, Hiroyasu Wakatsuchi, Masaaki http://hdl.handle.net/2115/59540 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00172.1 eng eng American Meteorological Society http://hdl.handle.net/2115/59540 Journal of Climate, 28(2): 714-736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00172.1 © Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyright@ametsoc.org. article fthokunivhus https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00172.1 2022-11-18T01:03:31Z Causes of the multidecadal-scale warming of the intermediate water in the Okhotsk Sea and the western subarctic North Pacific during 1980–2008 are investigated using an ice–ocean coupled model with interannually varying atmospheric forcing. A hindcast experiment qualitatively reproduces the warming and decadal fluctuations of the intermediate water that are similar to those of observations: the warming is significant along the western part of the Okhotsk Sea and subarctic frontal region. The effects of the thermohaline- and wind-driven ocean circulation on the warming are evaluated from perturbation experiments on thermohaline (turbulent heat and freshwater fluxes) and wind causes, respectively. The thermohaline causes are shown to contribute positively to warming in the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW). The heat budget analysis for the OSIW indicates that the warming is related to a decrease in cold and dense shelf water (DSW) flux, which is caused by a decrease in sea ice and surface water freshening. In contrast, the wind cause has a cooling effect in the OSIW through an increase in DSW. In the subarctic frontal region, the warming is mainly caused by the wind stress change. The heat budget analysis indicates that the warming is related to an increase in the northward advection of the subtropical warm water. These results imply that both thermohaline- and winddriven ocean circulation changes are essential components of the warming in the intermediate water. The atmospheric conditions responsible for the warming are related to a weakened Aleutian low and Siberian high in early and late winter. Article in Journal/Newspaper aleutian low okhotsk sea Sea ice Subarctic Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (HUSCAP) Okhotsk Pacific Journal of Climate 28 2 714 736 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (HUSCAP) |
op_collection_id |
fthokunivhus |
language |
English |
description |
Causes of the multidecadal-scale warming of the intermediate water in the Okhotsk Sea and the western subarctic North Pacific during 1980–2008 are investigated using an ice–ocean coupled model with interannually varying atmospheric forcing. A hindcast experiment qualitatively reproduces the warming and decadal fluctuations of the intermediate water that are similar to those of observations: the warming is significant along the western part of the Okhotsk Sea and subarctic frontal region. The effects of the thermohaline- and wind-driven ocean circulation on the warming are evaluated from perturbation experiments on thermohaline (turbulent heat and freshwater fluxes) and wind causes, respectively. The thermohaline causes are shown to contribute positively to warming in the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OSIW). The heat budget analysis for the OSIW indicates that the warming is related to a decrease in cold and dense shelf water (DSW) flux, which is caused by a decrease in sea ice and surface water freshening. In contrast, the wind cause has a cooling effect in the OSIW through an increase in DSW. In the subarctic frontal region, the warming is mainly caused by the wind stress change. The heat budget analysis indicates that the warming is related to an increase in the northward advection of the subtropical warm water. These results imply that both thermohaline- and winddriven ocean circulation changes are essential components of the warming in the intermediate water. The atmospheric conditions responsible for the warming are related to a weakened Aleutian low and Siberian high in early and late winter. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nakanowatari, Takuya Nakamura, Tomohiro Uchimoto, Keisuke Uehara, Hiroki Mitsudera, Humio Ohshima, Kay I Hasumi, Hiroyasu Wakatsuchi, Masaaki |
spellingShingle |
Nakanowatari, Takuya Nakamura, Tomohiro Uchimoto, Keisuke Uehara, Hiroki Mitsudera, Humio Ohshima, Kay I Hasumi, Hiroyasu Wakatsuchi, Masaaki Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific |
author_facet |
Nakanowatari, Takuya Nakamura, Tomohiro Uchimoto, Keisuke Uehara, Hiroki Mitsudera, Humio Ohshima, Kay I Hasumi, Hiroyasu Wakatsuchi, Masaaki |
author_sort |
Nakanowatari, Takuya |
title |
Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific |
title_short |
Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific |
title_full |
Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific |
title_fullStr |
Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific |
title_full_unstemmed |
Causes of the Multidecadal-Scale Warming of the Intermediate Water in the Okhotsk Sea and Western Subarctic North Pacific |
title_sort |
causes of the multidecadal-scale warming of the intermediate water in the okhotsk sea and western subarctic north pacific |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/59540 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00172.1 |
geographic |
Okhotsk Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Okhotsk Pacific |
genre |
aleutian low okhotsk sea Sea ice Subarctic |
genre_facet |
aleutian low okhotsk sea Sea ice Subarctic |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/59540 Journal of Climate, 28(2): 714-736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00172.1 |
op_rights |
© Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or copyright@ametsoc.org. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00172.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
28 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
714 |
op_container_end_page |
736 |
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1766266698266050560 |