A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka
The Gorshkov crater glacier at Ushkovsky volcano, Kamchatka, is characterized by a large aspect ratio and special thermodynamic conditions at the bedrock caused by a locally enhanced and spatially varying geothermal heat flux. Furthermore, large parts of this glacier consist of firn rather than pure...
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fthokunivhus:oai:eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp:2115/34532 2023-11-05T03:32:24+01:00 A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka Zwinger, Thomas Greve, Ralf Gagliardini, Olivier Shiraiwa, Takayuki Lyly, Mikko http://hdl.handle.net/2115/34532 https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282543 eng eng International Glaciological Society http://www.igsoc.org/ http://hdl.handle.net/2115/34532 Annals of Glaciology, 45: 29-37 http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282543 © 2007 International Glaciological Society Glacier Crater Volcano Flow Modelling 452 article fthokunivhus https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282543 2023-10-06T00:06:41Z The Gorshkov crater glacier at Ushkovsky volcano, Kamchatka, is characterized by a large aspect ratio and special thermodynamic conditions at the bedrock caused by a locally enhanced and spatially varying geothermal heat flux. Furthermore, large parts of this glacier consist of firn rather than pure ice, which alters the rheological properties (such as viscosity and compressibility) of the glacier. We present a newly developed, thermo-mechanically coupled, three-dimensional flow model based on the finite-element (FE) modeling software Elmer, and apply it to the Gorshkov crater glacier. By assuming steady-state conditions, the present-day velocity field, temperature field, basal melting rate and age distribution are simulated. We find that flow velocities are generally small (10’s of centimeters per year). Horizontal and vertical velocities are of comparable magnitude, which shows that the shallow-ice approximation is not applicable. Owing to the spatially variable volcanic heat flux, the thermal regime at the ice base is cold in the deeper parts of the glacier and temperate in the shallower parts. The measured temperature profile and age horizons at the K2 borehole are reproduced quite well, and remaining discrepancies may be attributed to transient (non-steady-state) conditions. Firn compressibility is identified as a crucial element for the modeling approach. Article in Journal/Newspaper Annals of Glaciology Kamchatka Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (HUSCAP) Annals of Glaciology 45 29 37 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (HUSCAP) |
op_collection_id |
fthokunivhus |
language |
English |
topic |
Glacier Crater Volcano Flow Modelling 452 |
spellingShingle |
Glacier Crater Volcano Flow Modelling 452 Zwinger, Thomas Greve, Ralf Gagliardini, Olivier Shiraiwa, Takayuki Lyly, Mikko A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka |
topic_facet |
Glacier Crater Volcano Flow Modelling 452 |
description |
The Gorshkov crater glacier at Ushkovsky volcano, Kamchatka, is characterized by a large aspect ratio and special thermodynamic conditions at the bedrock caused by a locally enhanced and spatially varying geothermal heat flux. Furthermore, large parts of this glacier consist of firn rather than pure ice, which alters the rheological properties (such as viscosity and compressibility) of the glacier. We present a newly developed, thermo-mechanically coupled, three-dimensional flow model based on the finite-element (FE) modeling software Elmer, and apply it to the Gorshkov crater glacier. By assuming steady-state conditions, the present-day velocity field, temperature field, basal melting rate and age distribution are simulated. We find that flow velocities are generally small (10’s of centimeters per year). Horizontal and vertical velocities are of comparable magnitude, which shows that the shallow-ice approximation is not applicable. Owing to the spatially variable volcanic heat flux, the thermal regime at the ice base is cold in the deeper parts of the glacier and temperate in the shallower parts. The measured temperature profile and age horizons at the K2 borehole are reproduced quite well, and remaining discrepancies may be attributed to transient (non-steady-state) conditions. Firn compressibility is identified as a crucial element for the modeling approach. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zwinger, Thomas Greve, Ralf Gagliardini, Olivier Shiraiwa, Takayuki Lyly, Mikko |
author_facet |
Zwinger, Thomas Greve, Ralf Gagliardini, Olivier Shiraiwa, Takayuki Lyly, Mikko |
author_sort |
Zwinger, Thomas |
title |
A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka |
title_short |
A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka |
title_full |
A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka |
title_fullStr |
A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka |
title_full_unstemmed |
A full Stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the Gorshkov crater glacier, Kamchatka |
title_sort |
full stokes-flow thermo-mechanical model for firn and ice applied to the gorshkov crater glacier, kamchatka |
publisher |
International Glaciological Society |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2115/34532 https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282543 |
genre |
Annals of Glaciology Kamchatka |
genre_facet |
Annals of Glaciology Kamchatka |
op_relation |
http://www.igsoc.org/ http://hdl.handle.net/2115/34532 Annals of Glaciology, 45: 29-37 http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282543 |
op_rights |
© 2007 International Glaciological Society |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782282543 |
container_title |
Annals of Glaciology |
container_volume |
45 |
container_start_page |
29 |
op_container_end_page |
37 |
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1781695599269117952 |