Subglacial drainage system changes of the Gulkana Glacier, Alaska: discharge and sediment load observations and modelling

• Published in: Hydrological Processes
• Main Authors: Kido, Daisaku, Chikita, Kazuhisa A., Hirayama, Kenta
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: John Wiley & Sons
• Subjects: glacier-melt; discharge; suspended sediment; Gulkana Glacier; subglacial drainage system; tank model; 452.12; Phelan; glacier; Alaska
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2115/20006; https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6364

Hydrological characteristics of englacial and subglacial drainage systems in Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, were examined by analysing temporal variations of discharge and sediment load in the proglacial Phelan Creek in 2001. From data plots on semi-log paper, it appeared appropriate to separate both discharge and sediment load into fast and slow components. The two components were possibly produced by two different drainage systems: an englacial and subglacial, “channellized” system in the ablation zone, and a subglacial, “distributed” system in the accumulation zone. The data indicate the occurrence of an event during which part of the “distributed” drainage system changed into the “channellized” drainage system. The daily time-series of discharge and sediment load were represented using a tank model. In the model, the drainage from an additional tank was added, supposing that a subglacial reservoir full of water and sediment collapsed slowly when the subglacial drainage system changed from distributed to channellized. The simulation with the collapsed tank gave much more reasonable results than those with no collapsed tank. The contribution of the collapsed tank to total sediment load is 24%, which is much larger than 9% to total discharge. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.