NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region
We present the official land uplift model NKG2016LU of the Nordic Commission of Geodesy (NKG) for northern Europe. The model was released in 2016 and covers an area from 49° to 75° latitude and 0° to 50° longitude. It shows a maximum absolute uplift of 10.3 mm/a near the city of Umeå in northern Swe...
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Statens Kartverk, Norge
2019
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fthoegskolangaev:oai:DiVA.org:hig-31117 2023-05-15T16:11:53+02:00 NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region Vestøl, Olav Ågren, Jonas Steffen, Holger Kierulf, Halfdan Tarasov, Lev 2019 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01280-8 eng eng Statens Kartverk, Norge Lantmäteriet Oslo Universitet, Norge Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Journal of Geodesy, 0949-7714, 2019, 93:9, s. 1759-1779 orcid:0000-0003-0602-142X http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31117 doi:10.1007/s00190-019-01280-8 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Glacial isostatic adjustment Fennoscandia Postglacial land uplift Empirical land uplift modelling Least squares collocation Remove-compute-restore technique Uncertainty estimations Geophysics Geofysik Other Natural Sciences Annan naturvetenskap Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2019 fthoegskolangaev https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01280-8 2022-09-22T16:15:09Z We present the official land uplift model NKG2016LU of the Nordic Commission of Geodesy (NKG) for northern Europe. The model was released in 2016 and covers an area from 49° to 75° latitude and 0° to 50° longitude. It shows a maximum absolute uplift of 10.3 mm/a near the city of Umeå in northern Sweden and a zero-line that follows the shores of Germany and Poland. The model replaces the NKG2005LU model from 2005. Since then, we have collected more data in the core areas of NKG2005LU, specifically in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, and included observations from the Baltic countries as well. Additionally, we have derived an underlying geophysical glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model within NKG as an integrated part of the NKG2016LU project. A major challenge is to estimate a realistic uncertainty grid for the model. We show how the errors in the observations and the underlying GIA model propagate through the calculations to the final uplift model. We find a standard error better than 0.25 mm/a for most of the area covered by precise levelling or uplift rates from Continuously Operating Reference Stations and up to 0.7 mm/a outside this area. As a check, we show that two different methods give approximately the same uncertainty estimates. We also estimate changes in the geoid and derive an alternative uplift model referring to this rising geoid. Using this latter model, the maximum uplift in Umeå reduces from 10.3 to 9.6 mm/a and with a similar reduction ratio elsewhere. When we compare this new NKG2016LU with the former NKG2005LU, we find the largest differences where the GIA model has the strongest influence, i.e. outside the area of geodetic observation. Here, the new model gives from − 3 to 4 mm/a larger values. Within the observation area, similar differences reach − 1.5 mm/a at the northernmost part of Norway and − 1.0 mm/a at the north-western coast of Denmark, but generally within the range of − 0.5 to 0.5 mm/a. Article in Journal/Newspaper Fennoscandia Northern Sweden Gävle University: Publications (DiVA) Norway Journal of Geodesy 93 9 1759 1779 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Gävle University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
fthoegskolangaev |
language |
English |
topic |
Glacial isostatic adjustment Fennoscandia Postglacial land uplift Empirical land uplift modelling Least squares collocation Remove-compute-restore technique Uncertainty estimations Geophysics Geofysik Other Natural Sciences Annan naturvetenskap |
spellingShingle |
Glacial isostatic adjustment Fennoscandia Postglacial land uplift Empirical land uplift modelling Least squares collocation Remove-compute-restore technique Uncertainty estimations Geophysics Geofysik Other Natural Sciences Annan naturvetenskap Vestøl, Olav Ågren, Jonas Steffen, Holger Kierulf, Halfdan Tarasov, Lev NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region |
topic_facet |
Glacial isostatic adjustment Fennoscandia Postglacial land uplift Empirical land uplift modelling Least squares collocation Remove-compute-restore technique Uncertainty estimations Geophysics Geofysik Other Natural Sciences Annan naturvetenskap |
description |
We present the official land uplift model NKG2016LU of the Nordic Commission of Geodesy (NKG) for northern Europe. The model was released in 2016 and covers an area from 49° to 75° latitude and 0° to 50° longitude. It shows a maximum absolute uplift of 10.3 mm/a near the city of Umeå in northern Sweden and a zero-line that follows the shores of Germany and Poland. The model replaces the NKG2005LU model from 2005. Since then, we have collected more data in the core areas of NKG2005LU, specifically in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland, and included observations from the Baltic countries as well. Additionally, we have derived an underlying geophysical glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model within NKG as an integrated part of the NKG2016LU project. A major challenge is to estimate a realistic uncertainty grid for the model. We show how the errors in the observations and the underlying GIA model propagate through the calculations to the final uplift model. We find a standard error better than 0.25 mm/a for most of the area covered by precise levelling or uplift rates from Continuously Operating Reference Stations and up to 0.7 mm/a outside this area. As a check, we show that two different methods give approximately the same uncertainty estimates. We also estimate changes in the geoid and derive an alternative uplift model referring to this rising geoid. Using this latter model, the maximum uplift in Umeå reduces from 10.3 to 9.6 mm/a and with a similar reduction ratio elsewhere. When we compare this new NKG2016LU with the former NKG2005LU, we find the largest differences where the GIA model has the strongest influence, i.e. outside the area of geodetic observation. Here, the new model gives from − 3 to 4 mm/a larger values. Within the observation area, similar differences reach − 1.5 mm/a at the northernmost part of Norway and − 1.0 mm/a at the north-western coast of Denmark, but generally within the range of − 0.5 to 0.5 mm/a. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vestøl, Olav Ågren, Jonas Steffen, Holger Kierulf, Halfdan Tarasov, Lev |
author_facet |
Vestøl, Olav Ågren, Jonas Steffen, Holger Kierulf, Halfdan Tarasov, Lev |
author_sort |
Vestøl, Olav |
title |
NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region |
title_short |
NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region |
title_full |
NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region |
title_fullStr |
NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region |
title_full_unstemmed |
NKG2016LU: a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region |
title_sort |
nkg2016lu: a new land uplift model for fennoscandia and the baltic region |
publisher |
Statens Kartverk, Norge |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01280-8 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Fennoscandia Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Fennoscandia Northern Sweden |
op_relation |
Journal of Geodesy, 0949-7714, 2019, 93:9, s. 1759-1779 orcid:0000-0003-0602-142X http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31117 doi:10.1007/s00190-019-01280-8 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01280-8 |
container_title |
Journal of Geodesy |
container_volume |
93 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1759 |
op_container_end_page |
1779 |
_version_ |
1765997077688483840 |