Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances?
Background. Insufficient received ultraviolet B radiation (UV) is regarded as the main environmental risk factor (RF) for MS in vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. Nevertheless, geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) has also been proposed as a potential trigger for MS in GMD hypothesis. The aim of this study w...
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Multiple Sclerosis International
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fthindawi:oai:hindawi.com:10.1155/2017/4960386 2023-05-15T17:24:36+02:00 Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances? Seyed Aidin Sajedi Fahimeh Abdollahi 2017 https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960386 en eng Multiple Sclerosis International https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960386 Copyright © 2017 Seyed Aidin Sajedi and Fahimeh Abdollahi. Research Article 2017 fthindawi https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960386 2019-05-26T09:08:51Z Background. Insufficient received ultraviolet B radiation (UV) is regarded as the main environmental risk factor (RF) for MS in vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. Nevertheless, geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) has also been proposed as a potential trigger for MS in GMD hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate which of these mentioned RF is correlated with long-term ultradecadal MS incidence. Methods. After a systematic search, long-term incidence reports of the United Kingdom (UK), Denmark, Tayside County, Nordland County, the Orkney, and Shetland Islands were selected for this retrospective time-series study. Possible lead-lag relationships between MS incidence, GMD, and UV were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. Results. Significant positive correlations between GMD and MS incidence were seen in Tayside County (at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.38), Denmark (peak correlation at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.53), and UK (at lag of 1 year: rS = 0.50). We found a positive correlation between received UV and MS incidences in the Nordland at lag of 1 year (rS = 0.49). Conclusion. This study found significant positive correlations between alterations in GMD with alterations in long-term MS incidence in three out of six studied locations and supports the GMD hypothesis. The observed significant correlation between MS and UV is positive; hence it is not supportive for UV related vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. Article in Journal/Newspaper Nordland Nordland Nordland Hindawi Publishing Corporation Multiple Sclerosis International 2017 1 11 |
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Background. Insufficient received ultraviolet B radiation (UV) is regarded as the main environmental risk factor (RF) for MS in vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. Nevertheless, geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) has also been proposed as a potential trigger for MS in GMD hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate which of these mentioned RF is correlated with long-term ultradecadal MS incidence. Methods. After a systematic search, long-term incidence reports of the United Kingdom (UK), Denmark, Tayside County, Nordland County, the Orkney, and Shetland Islands were selected for this retrospective time-series study. Possible lead-lag relationships between MS incidence, GMD, and UV were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. Results. Significant positive correlations between GMD and MS incidence were seen in Tayside County (at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.38), Denmark (peak correlation at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.53), and UK (at lag of 1 year: rS = 0.50). We found a positive correlation between received UV and MS incidences in the Nordland at lag of 1 year (rS = 0.49). Conclusion. This study found significant positive correlations between alterations in GMD with alterations in long-term MS incidence in three out of six studied locations and supports the GMD hypothesis. The observed significant correlation between MS and UV is positive; hence it is not supportive for UV related vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Seyed Aidin Sajedi Fahimeh Abdollahi |
spellingShingle |
Seyed Aidin Sajedi Fahimeh Abdollahi Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances? |
author_facet |
Seyed Aidin Sajedi Fahimeh Abdollahi |
author_sort |
Seyed Aidin Sajedi |
title |
Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances? |
title_short |
Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances? |
title_full |
Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances? |
title_fullStr |
Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances? |
title_sort |
which environmental factor is correlated with long-term multiple sclerosis incidence trends: ultraviolet b radiation or geomagnetic disturbances? |
publisher |
Multiple Sclerosis International |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960386 |
genre |
Nordland Nordland Nordland |
genre_facet |
Nordland Nordland Nordland |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960386 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2017 Seyed Aidin Sajedi and Fahimeh Abdollahi. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4960386 |
container_title |
Multiple Sclerosis International |
container_volume |
2017 |
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1 |
op_container_end_page |
11 |
_version_ |
1766115681349140480 |