Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland
We studied daily activity patterns of 19 (7 males and 12 females) adult red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) by using continuous tracking sessions in Bialowieza National Park (BNP), Poland, from 2001 to 2004. Male and female red deer were active throughout the day and night during all seasons, with several p...
Published in: | Journal of Mammalogy |
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2007
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fthighwire:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:jmammal:88/2/508 2023-05-15T15:50:40+02:00 Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland Kamler, Jan F. Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła Jędrzejewski, Włodzimierz 2007-04-20 00:00:00.0 text/html http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/88/2/508 https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-169R.1 en eng Oxford University Press http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/88/2/508 http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-169R.1 Copyright (C) 2007, Oxford University Press Feature Articles TEXT 2007 fthighwire https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-169R.1 2016-11-16T18:31:42Z We studied daily activity patterns of 19 (7 males and 12 females) adult red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) by using continuous tracking sessions in Bialowieza National Park (BNP), Poland, from 2001 to 2004. Male and female red deer were active throughout the day and night during all seasons, with several peaks in activity during the 24-h period, although both sexes tended to be more active during the day in winter. There were no significant differences between males and females in mean time active (8 h/day for both sexes), mean length of activity bouts (42 min), and mean number of activity bouts (12 bouts/day). Additionally, neither sex showed seasonal differences in hours active, bout length, or number of bouts per day. However, rainfall affected activity of males, whereas ambient temperature and snowfall affected activity of females. Although red deer are sexually dimorphic, which often leads to differences in movements and social groupings, our results suggest that their general activity patterns are influenced less by these sexual differences and more by the constraints of feeding and rumination, daily abiotic factors, and possibly predation risk from wolves ( Canis lupus ). Red deer in BNP did not exhibit strong bimodal peaks in activity at dawn and dusk as shown in previous studies, likely because strict limits on human activities in BNP allowed red deer to base their activity more on natural factors than on human-related factors. Text Canis lupus HighWire Press (Stanford University) Journal of Mammalogy 88 2 508 514 |
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HighWire Press (Stanford University) |
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English |
topic |
Feature Articles |
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Feature Articles Kamler, Jan F. Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła Jędrzejewski, Włodzimierz Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland |
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Feature Articles |
description |
We studied daily activity patterns of 19 (7 males and 12 females) adult red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) by using continuous tracking sessions in Bialowieza National Park (BNP), Poland, from 2001 to 2004. Male and female red deer were active throughout the day and night during all seasons, with several peaks in activity during the 24-h period, although both sexes tended to be more active during the day in winter. There were no significant differences between males and females in mean time active (8 h/day for both sexes), mean length of activity bouts (42 min), and mean number of activity bouts (12 bouts/day). Additionally, neither sex showed seasonal differences in hours active, bout length, or number of bouts per day. However, rainfall affected activity of males, whereas ambient temperature and snowfall affected activity of females. Although red deer are sexually dimorphic, which often leads to differences in movements and social groupings, our results suggest that their general activity patterns are influenced less by these sexual differences and more by the constraints of feeding and rumination, daily abiotic factors, and possibly predation risk from wolves ( Canis lupus ). Red deer in BNP did not exhibit strong bimodal peaks in activity at dawn and dusk as shown in previous studies, likely because strict limits on human activities in BNP allowed red deer to base their activity more on natural factors than on human-related factors. |
format |
Text |
author |
Kamler, Jan F. Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła Jędrzejewski, Włodzimierz |
author_facet |
Kamler, Jan F. Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła Jędrzejewski, Włodzimierz |
author_sort |
Kamler, Jan F. |
title |
Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland |
title_short |
Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland |
title_full |
Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland |
title_fullStr |
Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Activity Patterns of Red Deer in Białowieza National Park, Poland |
title_sort |
activity patterns of red deer in białowieza national park, poland |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/88/2/508 https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-169R.1 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/88/2/508 http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-169R.1 |
op_rights |
Copyright (C) 2007, Oxford University Press |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-169R.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Mammalogy |
container_volume |
88 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
508 |
op_container_end_page |
514 |
_version_ |
1766385671353663488 |