Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale
Toothed whales emit high-powered ultrasonic clicks to echolocate a wide range of prey. It may be hypothesized that some of their prey species have evolved capabilities to detect and respond to such ultrasonic pulses in a way that reduces predation, akin to the situation for many nocturnal insects an...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Biology |
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fthighwire:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:jexbio:214/1/22 2023-05-15T18:33:24+02:00 Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale Wilson, Maria Schack, Henriette B. Madsen, Peter Teglberg Surlykke, Annemarie Wahlberg, Magnus 2011-01-01 00:00:00.0 text/html http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/214/1/22 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.043323 en eng Company of Biologists http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/214/1/22 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.043323 Copyright (C) 2011, Company of Biologists Research Articles TEXT 2011 fthighwire https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.043323 2015-03-01T00:21:18Z Toothed whales emit high-powered ultrasonic clicks to echolocate a wide range of prey. It may be hypothesized that some of their prey species have evolved capabilities to detect and respond to such ultrasonic pulses in a way that reduces predation, akin to the situation for many nocturnal insects and echolocating bats. Using high-speed film recordings and controlled exposures, we obtained behavioural evidence that simulated toothed whale biosonar clicks elicit highly directional anti-predator responses in an ultrasound-sensitive allis shad ( Alosa alosa ). Ten shad were exposed to 192 dB re. 1 μPa (pp) clicks centred at 40 kHz at repetition rates of 1, 20, 50 and 250 clicks s–1 with summed energy flux density levels of 148, 161, 165 and 172 dB re. 1 μPa2 s. The exposures mimicked the acoustic exposure from a delphinid toothed whale in different phases of prey search and capture. The response times of allis shad were faster for higher repetition rates of clicks with the same sound pressure level. None of the fish responded to a single click, but had median response times of 182, 93 and 57 ms when exposed to click rates of 20, 50 and 250 clicks s–1, respectively. This suggests that the ultrasound detector of allis shad is an energy detector and that shad respond faster when exposed to a nearby fast-clicking toothed whale than to a slow-clicking toothed whale far away. The findings are thus consistent with the hypothesis that shad ultrasound detection is used for reducing predation from echolocating toothed whales. Text toothed whale toothed whales HighWire Press (Stanford University) Journal of Experimental Biology 214 1 22 29 |
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English |
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Research Articles |
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Research Articles Wilson, Maria Schack, Henriette B. Madsen, Peter Teglberg Surlykke, Annemarie Wahlberg, Magnus Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale |
topic_facet |
Research Articles |
description |
Toothed whales emit high-powered ultrasonic clicks to echolocate a wide range of prey. It may be hypothesized that some of their prey species have evolved capabilities to detect and respond to such ultrasonic pulses in a way that reduces predation, akin to the situation for many nocturnal insects and echolocating bats. Using high-speed film recordings and controlled exposures, we obtained behavioural evidence that simulated toothed whale biosonar clicks elicit highly directional anti-predator responses in an ultrasound-sensitive allis shad ( Alosa alosa ). Ten shad were exposed to 192 dB re. 1 μPa (pp) clicks centred at 40 kHz at repetition rates of 1, 20, 50 and 250 clicks s–1 with summed energy flux density levels of 148, 161, 165 and 172 dB re. 1 μPa2 s. The exposures mimicked the acoustic exposure from a delphinid toothed whale in different phases of prey search and capture. The response times of allis shad were faster for higher repetition rates of clicks with the same sound pressure level. None of the fish responded to a single click, but had median response times of 182, 93 and 57 ms when exposed to click rates of 20, 50 and 250 clicks s–1, respectively. This suggests that the ultrasound detector of allis shad is an energy detector and that shad respond faster when exposed to a nearby fast-clicking toothed whale than to a slow-clicking toothed whale far away. The findings are thus consistent with the hypothesis that shad ultrasound detection is used for reducing predation from echolocating toothed whales. |
format |
Text |
author |
Wilson, Maria Schack, Henriette B. Madsen, Peter Teglberg Surlykke, Annemarie Wahlberg, Magnus |
author_facet |
Wilson, Maria Schack, Henriette B. Madsen, Peter Teglberg Surlykke, Annemarie Wahlberg, Magnus |
author_sort |
Wilson, Maria |
title |
Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale |
title_short |
Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale |
title_full |
Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale |
title_fullStr |
Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale |
title_full_unstemmed |
Directional escape behavior in allis shad (Alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale |
title_sort |
directional escape behavior in allis shad (alosa alosa) exposed to ultrasonic clicks mimicking an approaching toothed whale |
publisher |
Company of Biologists |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/214/1/22 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.043323 |
genre |
toothed whale toothed whales |
genre_facet |
toothed whale toothed whales |
op_relation |
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/214/1/22 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.043323 |
op_rights |
Copyright (C) 2011, Company of Biologists |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.043323 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
container_volume |
214 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
22 |
op_container_end_page |
29 |
_version_ |
1766218002209964032 |