Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism
Ectothermic animals inhabiting the subarctic and temperate regions have evolved strategies to deal with periods of continuous frost during winter. The earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra is freeze tolerant and accumulates large concentrations of glucose upon freezing. The present study investigates the r...
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fthighwire:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:jexbio:212/6/859 2023-05-15T18:28:34+02:00 Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism Calderon, Sofia Holmstrup, Martin Westh, Peter Overgaard, Johannes 2009-03-15 00:00:00.0 text/html http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/212/6/859 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.026864 en eng Company of Biologists http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/212/6/859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.026864 Copyright (C) 2009, Company of Biologists Research Article TEXT 2009 fthighwire https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.026864 2015-03-01T00:40:54Z Ectothermic animals inhabiting the subarctic and temperate regions have evolved strategies to deal with periods of continuous frost during winter. The earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra is freeze tolerant and accumulates large concentrations of glucose upon freezing. The present study investigates the roles of glucose accumulation for long-term freeze tolerance in worms kept frozen at –2°C for 47 days. During this period, worms were sampled periodically for determination of survival and for measurements of glucose, glycogen, lactate, alanine and succinate. In addition we performed calorimetric measurements to assess metabolic rate of frozen and unfrozen worms. Long-term freezing was associated with a gradual depletion of glucose and worms that succumbed during this period were always characterised by low glucose and glycogen levels. The anaerobic waste products lactate and alanine increased slightly whereas succinate levels remained constant. However, it is argued that other waste products (particularly propionate) could be the primary end product of a continued anaerobic metabolism. Calorimetric measures of the metabolic rate of frozen worms were in accord with values calculated from the reduction in glucose assuming that most (∼90%) glucose was metabolised anaerobically. Both estimates of metabolic rate demonstrated a 10-fold metabolic depression associated with freezing. Thus, in addition to the suspected role of glucose as cryoprotectant, the present study demonstrates that glucose accumulation is vital to ensure substrate for long-term anaerobic metabolism in frozen worms. On the basis of the estimated metabolite levels, we calculate that the combined effect of metabolic depression and large glucose stores enables a projected 3 months survival of freezing at –2°C of the `average' D. octaedra . Such conditions are very likely to occur in the northern distribution ranges of this stress-tolerant earthworm. Text Subarctic HighWire Press (Stanford University) Journal of Experimental Biology 212 6 859 866 |
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English |
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Research Article |
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Research Article Calderon, Sofia Holmstrup, Martin Westh, Peter Overgaard, Johannes Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Ectothermic animals inhabiting the subarctic and temperate regions have evolved strategies to deal with periods of continuous frost during winter. The earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra is freeze tolerant and accumulates large concentrations of glucose upon freezing. The present study investigates the roles of glucose accumulation for long-term freeze tolerance in worms kept frozen at –2°C for 47 days. During this period, worms were sampled periodically for determination of survival and for measurements of glucose, glycogen, lactate, alanine and succinate. In addition we performed calorimetric measurements to assess metabolic rate of frozen and unfrozen worms. Long-term freezing was associated with a gradual depletion of glucose and worms that succumbed during this period were always characterised by low glucose and glycogen levels. The anaerobic waste products lactate and alanine increased slightly whereas succinate levels remained constant. However, it is argued that other waste products (particularly propionate) could be the primary end product of a continued anaerobic metabolism. Calorimetric measures of the metabolic rate of frozen worms were in accord with values calculated from the reduction in glucose assuming that most (∼90%) glucose was metabolised anaerobically. Both estimates of metabolic rate demonstrated a 10-fold metabolic depression associated with freezing. Thus, in addition to the suspected role of glucose as cryoprotectant, the present study demonstrates that glucose accumulation is vital to ensure substrate for long-term anaerobic metabolism in frozen worms. On the basis of the estimated metabolite levels, we calculate that the combined effect of metabolic depression and large glucose stores enables a projected 3 months survival of freezing at –2°C of the `average' D. octaedra . Such conditions are very likely to occur in the northern distribution ranges of this stress-tolerant earthworm. |
format |
Text |
author |
Calderon, Sofia Holmstrup, Martin Westh, Peter Overgaard, Johannes |
author_facet |
Calderon, Sofia Holmstrup, Martin Westh, Peter Overgaard, Johannes |
author_sort |
Calderon, Sofia |
title |
Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism |
title_short |
Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism |
title_full |
Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism |
title_fullStr |
Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism |
title_sort |
dual roles of glucose in the freeze-tolerant earthworm dendrobaena octaedra: cryoprotection and fuel for metabolism |
publisher |
Company of Biologists |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/212/6/859 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.026864 |
genre |
Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Subarctic |
op_relation |
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/212/6/859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.026864 |
op_rights |
Copyright (C) 2009, Company of Biologists |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.026864 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
container_volume |
212 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
859 |
op_container_end_page |
866 |
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1766211090423742464 |