Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving
The evolutionary history of marine mammals involved marked physiological and morphological modifications to change from terrestrial to aquatic locomotion. A consequence of this ancestry is that swimming is energetically expensive for mammals in comparison to fish. This study examined the use of beha...
Published in: | American Zoologist |
---|---|
Main Author: | |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Oxford University Press
2001
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/41/2/166 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.2.166 |
id |
fthighwire:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:icbiol:41/2/166 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
fthighwire:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:icbiol:41/2/166 2023-05-15T16:05:43+02:00 Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving Williams, Terrie M. 2001-04-01 00:00:00.0 text/html http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/41/2/166 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.2.166 en eng Oxford University Press http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/41/2/166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.2.166 Copyright (C) 2001, The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Regular Article TEXT 2001 fthighwire https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.2.166 2007-06-24T08:18:15Z The evolutionary history of marine mammals involved marked physiological and morphological modifications to change from terrestrial to aquatic locomotion. A consequence of this ancestry is that swimming is energetically expensive for mammals in comparison to fish. This study examined the use of behavioral strategies by marine mammals to circumvent these elevated locomotor costs during horizontal swimming and vertical diving. Intermittent forms of locomotion, including wave-riding and porpoising when near the water surface, and prolonged gliding and a stroke and glide mode of propulsion when diving, enabled marine mammals to increase the efficiency of aquatic locomotion. Video instrumentation packs (8-mm camera, video recorder and time-depth microprocessor) deployed on deep diving bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ), northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ), and Weddell seals ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) revealed exceptionally long periods of gliding during descent to depth. Glide duration depended on depth and represented nearly 80% of the descent for dives exceeding 200 m. Transitions in locomotor mode during diving were attributed to buoyancy changes with compression of the lungs at depth, and were associated with a 9–60% reduction in the energetic cost of dives for the species examined. By changing to intermittent locomotor patterns, marine mammals are able to increase travelling speed for little additional energetic cost when surface swimming, and to extend the duration of submergence despite limitations in oxygen stores when diving. Text Elephant Seals Weddell Seals HighWire Press (Stanford University) Weddell American Zoologist 41 2 166 176 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HighWire Press (Stanford University) |
op_collection_id |
fthighwire |
language |
English |
topic |
Regular Article |
spellingShingle |
Regular Article Williams, Terrie M. Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving |
topic_facet |
Regular Article |
description |
The evolutionary history of marine mammals involved marked physiological and morphological modifications to change from terrestrial to aquatic locomotion. A consequence of this ancestry is that swimming is energetically expensive for mammals in comparison to fish. This study examined the use of behavioral strategies by marine mammals to circumvent these elevated locomotor costs during horizontal swimming and vertical diving. Intermittent forms of locomotion, including wave-riding and porpoising when near the water surface, and prolonged gliding and a stroke and glide mode of propulsion when diving, enabled marine mammals to increase the efficiency of aquatic locomotion. Video instrumentation packs (8-mm camera, video recorder and time-depth microprocessor) deployed on deep diving bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ), northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ), and Weddell seals ( Leptonychotes weddellii ) revealed exceptionally long periods of gliding during descent to depth. Glide duration depended on depth and represented nearly 80% of the descent for dives exceeding 200 m. Transitions in locomotor mode during diving were attributed to buoyancy changes with compression of the lungs at depth, and were associated with a 9–60% reduction in the energetic cost of dives for the species examined. By changing to intermittent locomotor patterns, marine mammals are able to increase travelling speed for little additional energetic cost when surface swimming, and to extend the duration of submergence despite limitations in oxygen stores when diving. |
format |
Text |
author |
Williams, Terrie M. |
author_facet |
Williams, Terrie M. |
author_sort |
Williams, Terrie M. |
title |
Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving |
title_short |
Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving |
title_full |
Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving |
title_fullStr |
Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving |
title_full_unstemmed |
Intermittent Swimming by Mammals: A Strategy for Increasing Energetic Efficiency During Diving |
title_sort |
intermittent swimming by mammals: a strategy for increasing energetic efficiency during diving |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2001 |
url |
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/41/2/166 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.2.166 |
geographic |
Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Weddell |
genre |
Elephant Seals Weddell Seals |
genre_facet |
Elephant Seals Weddell Seals |
op_relation |
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/41/2/166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.2.166 |
op_rights |
Copyright (C) 2001, The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/41.2.166 |
container_title |
American Zoologist |
container_volume |
41 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
166 |
op_container_end_page |
176 |
_version_ |
1766401618110054400 |