High-resolution record of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion at the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge

• Published in: Geophysical Journal International
• Main Authors: Bourne, Mark D., Mac Niocaill, Conall, Thomas, Alex L., Henderson, Gideon M.
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford University Press 2013
• Subjects: Geomagnetism; rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism; Greenland; Greenland ice cores; Iceland
• Online Access: http://gji.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/195/3/1519; https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt327

Geomagnetic excursions are brief deviations of the geomagnetic field from behaviour expected during ‘normal secular’ variation. The Laschamp excursion at ∼41 ka was one such deviation. Previously published records suggest rapid changes in field direction and a concurrent substantial decrease in field intensity associated with this excursion. Accurate dating of excursions, and determination of their durations from multiple locations, is vital to our understanding of global field behaviour during these deviations. We present here high-resolution palaeomagnetic records of the Laschamp excursion obtained from two Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites, 1061 and 1062 on the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge (ODP Leg 172). High sedimentation rates (∼30–40 cm kyr−1) at these locations allow determination of transitional field behaviour during the excursion. Palaeomagnetic measurements of discrete samples from four cores reveal a single excursional feature, across an interval of 30 cm, associated with a broader palaeointensity low. We determine the age and duration of the Laschamp excursion using a stratigraphy linked to the δ18O record from the Greenland ice cores. This chronology dates the Laschamp excursion at the Blake Ridge to 41.3 ka. The excursion is characterized by rapid transitions (less than 200 yr) between stable normal polarity and a partially reversed polarity state. The palaeointensity record is in good agreement between the two sites, revealing two prominent minima. The first minimum is associated with the Laschamp excursion at 41 ka and the second corresponds to the Mono Lake excursion at ∼35.5 ka. We determine that the directional excursion during the Laschamp at this location was no longer than ∼400 yr, occurring within a palaeointensity minimum that lasted 2000 yr. The Laschamp excursion at this location is much shorter in duration than the Blake and Iceland Basin excursions.