Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison
Some of the most severely affected communities in the world during the 1918–19 influenza pandemic were in Labrador and Alaska. Although these two regions are on the opposite ends of North America, a cultural continuum in the Inuit populations extends throughout the North American Arctic. Both region...
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fthighwire:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ddssh:37/2/177 2023-05-15T15:13:20+02:00 Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison Mamelund, Svenn-Erik Sattenspiel, Lisa Dimka, Jessica 2013-06-01 00:00:00.0 text/html http://ssh.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/short/37/2/177 https://doi.org/10.1215/01455532-2074420 en eng Duke University Press http://ssh.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/short/37/2/177 http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01455532-2074420 Copyright (C) 2013, Social Science History Association Articles TEXT 2013 fthighwire https://doi.org/10.1215/01455532-2074420 2013-05-27T00:36:21Z Some of the most severely affected communities in the world during the 1918–19 influenza pandemic were in Labrador and Alaska. Although these two regions are on the opposite ends of North America, a cultural continuum in the Inuit populations extends throughout the North American Arctic. Both regions contain other population groups, however, and because of these similarities and differences, a comparison of their experiences during the pandemic provides new insights into how culture and environment may influence patterns of spread of infectious disease. We describe here analyses of the patterns of influenza mortality in 97 Alaska communities and 37 Labrador communities. The Alaska communities are divided into five geographic regions corresponding to recognized cultural groups in the region; the Labrador communities are separated into three regions that vary in the degree of admixture between European and indigenous (primarily Inuit) groups. In both Alaska and Labrador mortality was substantially higher than the worldwide average of 2.5–5 percent. Average mortality ranged from less than 1 percent to 38 percent at the regional level in Alaska and from 1 percent to 75 percent at the regional level in Labrador with up to 90 percent mortality in some local communities in both Alaska and Labrador. A number of factors influencing this heterogeneous experience are discussed, including the impact of weather and geography; attempts to protect communities by implementing quarantine policies; accessibility of health care; nutritional deficiencies; cultural factors, such as settlement patterns, seasonal activities, and ethnicity; and exposure to earlier outbreaks of influenza or other diseases that may have increased or lessened the impact of influenza in 1918–19. Text Arctic inuit Alaska HighWire Press (Stanford University) Arctic Social Science History 37 2 177 229 |
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Articles Mamelund, Svenn-Erik Sattenspiel, Lisa Dimka, Jessica Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison |
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Some of the most severely affected communities in the world during the 1918–19 influenza pandemic were in Labrador and Alaska. Although these two regions are on the opposite ends of North America, a cultural continuum in the Inuit populations extends throughout the North American Arctic. Both regions contain other population groups, however, and because of these similarities and differences, a comparison of their experiences during the pandemic provides new insights into how culture and environment may influence patterns of spread of infectious disease. We describe here analyses of the patterns of influenza mortality in 97 Alaska communities and 37 Labrador communities. The Alaska communities are divided into five geographic regions corresponding to recognized cultural groups in the region; the Labrador communities are separated into three regions that vary in the degree of admixture between European and indigenous (primarily Inuit) groups. In both Alaska and Labrador mortality was substantially higher than the worldwide average of 2.5–5 percent. Average mortality ranged from less than 1 percent to 38 percent at the regional level in Alaska and from 1 percent to 75 percent at the regional level in Labrador with up to 90 percent mortality in some local communities in both Alaska and Labrador. A number of factors influencing this heterogeneous experience are discussed, including the impact of weather and geography; attempts to protect communities by implementing quarantine policies; accessibility of health care; nutritional deficiencies; cultural factors, such as settlement patterns, seasonal activities, and ethnicity; and exposure to earlier outbreaks of influenza or other diseases that may have increased or lessened the impact of influenza in 1918–19. |
format |
Text |
author |
Mamelund, Svenn-Erik Sattenspiel, Lisa Dimka, Jessica |
author_facet |
Mamelund, Svenn-Erik Sattenspiel, Lisa Dimka, Jessica |
author_sort |
Mamelund, Svenn-Erik |
title |
Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison |
title_short |
Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison |
title_full |
Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison |
title_fullStr |
Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influenza-Associated Mortality during the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska and Labrador: A Comparison |
title_sort |
influenza-associated mortality during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in alaska and labrador: a comparison |
publisher |
Duke University Press |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://ssh.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/short/37/2/177 https://doi.org/10.1215/01455532-2074420 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic inuit Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic inuit Alaska |
op_relation |
http://ssh.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/short/37/2/177 http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01455532-2074420 |
op_rights |
Copyright (C) 2013, Social Science History Association |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1215/01455532-2074420 |
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Social Science History |
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37 |
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2 |
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177 |
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229 |
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1766343905015496704 |