EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII
Tomich, P. Q. (Dept. of Health, Honokaa, Hi 96727), A. M. Barnes, W. S. Devick, H. H. Hlga and G. E. Haas. Evidence for the extinction of plague in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 119: 261–73. Plague (infection by Yerslnla pestis) was present in Hawaii for the period 1899–1957 and caused at least 370 f...
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fthighwire:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:119/2/261 2023-05-15T18:05:26+02:00 EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII TOMICH, P. QUENTIN BARNES, ALLAN M. DEVICK, WILLIAM S. HIGA, HARRY H. HAAS, GLENN E. 1984-02-01 00:00:00.0 text/html http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/119/2/261 en eng Oxford University Press http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/119/2/261 Copyright (C) 1984, Oxford University Press ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS TEXT 1984 fthighwire 2007-06-24T14:31:23Z Tomich, P. Q. (Dept. of Health, Honokaa, Hi 96727), A. M. Barnes, W. S. Devick, H. H. Hlga and G. E. Haas. Evidence for the extinction of plague in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 119: 261–73. Plague (infection by Yerslnla pestis) was present in Hawaii for the period 1899–1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. The first infections came from immigrant commensal rats, probably Rattus rattus and Rattus norveglcus , on ships from the Orient Both species were already established in Hawaii and became the widespread local carriers of plague, supplemented by Rattus ex-ulans which had colonized the islands in ancient Polynesian times. The flea Xenopsylla vexabltls arrived with R. exulans , and its near relative Xenopsylla cheopls accompanied the ship rats. Following each introduction to port cities, plague subsided after a few years but remained active in rural areas of two islands for nearly 50 years. in Hamakua District on Hawaii, the demise of plague was characterized by its repeated terminal migrations from persistent foci, a rapid decline in expected numbers of infected rats and fleas, and negative serologlc evidence from rodent reservoirs and mongooses in massive surveys. The simple blotlc systema bacterium, three rodents, and two fleas appeared unable to maintain the disease over time. improved sanitation, mechanized agriculture, gradients in rainfall and temperature, and the collapse of reservoir and vector populations during drought are cited as probable factors in the extinction of plague. Text Rattus rattus HighWire Press (Stanford University) |
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS TOMICH, P. QUENTIN BARNES, ALLAN M. DEVICK, WILLIAM S. HIGA, HARRY H. HAAS, GLENN E. EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII |
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS |
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Tomich, P. Q. (Dept. of Health, Honokaa, Hi 96727), A. M. Barnes, W. S. Devick, H. H. Hlga and G. E. Haas. Evidence for the extinction of plague in Hawaii. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 119: 261–73. Plague (infection by Yerslnla pestis) was present in Hawaii for the period 1899–1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. The first infections came from immigrant commensal rats, probably Rattus rattus and Rattus norveglcus , on ships from the Orient Both species were already established in Hawaii and became the widespread local carriers of plague, supplemented by Rattus ex-ulans which had colonized the islands in ancient Polynesian times. The flea Xenopsylla vexabltls arrived with R. exulans , and its near relative Xenopsylla cheopls accompanied the ship rats. Following each introduction to port cities, plague subsided after a few years but remained active in rural areas of two islands for nearly 50 years. in Hamakua District on Hawaii, the demise of plague was characterized by its repeated terminal migrations from persistent foci, a rapid decline in expected numbers of infected rats and fleas, and negative serologlc evidence from rodent reservoirs and mongooses in massive surveys. The simple blotlc systema bacterium, three rodents, and two fleas appeared unable to maintain the disease over time. improved sanitation, mechanized agriculture, gradients in rainfall and temperature, and the collapse of reservoir and vector populations during drought are cited as probable factors in the extinction of plague. |
format |
Text |
author |
TOMICH, P. QUENTIN BARNES, ALLAN M. DEVICK, WILLIAM S. HIGA, HARRY H. HAAS, GLENN E. |
author_facet |
TOMICH, P. QUENTIN BARNES, ALLAN M. DEVICK, WILLIAM S. HIGA, HARRY H. HAAS, GLENN E. |
author_sort |
TOMICH, P. QUENTIN |
title |
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII |
title_short |
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII |
title_full |
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII |
title_fullStr |
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII |
title_full_unstemmed |
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXTINCTION OF PLAGUE IN HAWAII |
title_sort |
evidence for the extinction of plague in hawaii |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
1984 |
url |
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/119/2/261 |
genre |
Rattus rattus |
genre_facet |
Rattus rattus |
op_relation |
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/119/2/261 |
op_rights |
Copyright (C) 1984, Oxford University Press |
_version_ |
1766176904326414336 |