BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set
We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1°-5°(l = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial...
Published in: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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ftharvardudash:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/30353759 2023-05-15T18:23:00+02:00 BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, Denis A. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, Colin A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, Kirit Sukrit Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, John M Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, Abigail Claire Pryke, C Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C Yoon, K. W. 2014 application/pdf http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30353759 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 en_US eng IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.4302 The Astrophysical Journal Ade, P. A. R., R. W. Aikin, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, et al. 2014. “BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set.” The Astrophysical Journal 792 (1) (August 14): 62. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/62. 1538-4357 http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30353759 cosmic background radiation cosmology: observations gravitational waves inflation instrumentation: polarimeters telescopes Journal Article 2014 ftharvardudash https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/62 2022-04-05T11:46:25Z We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1°-5°(l = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 μ {K}\sqrt{{s}}. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5.'2 μK) over an effective area of 384 deg2 within a 1000 deg2 field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales. Astronomy Version of Record Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Harvard University: DASH - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard South Pole The Astrophysical Journal 792 1 62 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Harvard University: DASH - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard |
op_collection_id |
ftharvardudash |
language |
English |
topic |
cosmic background radiation cosmology: observations gravitational waves inflation instrumentation: polarimeters telescopes |
spellingShingle |
cosmic background radiation cosmology: observations gravitational waves inflation instrumentation: polarimeters telescopes Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, Denis A. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, Colin A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, Kirit Sukrit Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, John M Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, Abigail Claire Pryke, C Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C Yoon, K. W. BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set |
topic_facet |
cosmic background radiation cosmology: observations gravitational waves inflation instrumentation: polarimeters telescopes |
description |
We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1°-5°(l = 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 μ {K}\sqrt{{s}}. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5.'2 μK) over an effective area of 384 deg2 within a 1000 deg2 field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales. Astronomy Version of Record |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, Denis A. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, Colin A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, Kirit Sukrit Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, John M Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, Abigail Claire Pryke, C Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C Yoon, K. W. |
author_facet |
Ade, P. A. R. Aikin, R. W. Amiri, M. Barkats, Denis A. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, Colin A. Bock, J. J. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Davis, G. Day, P. K. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, Kirit Sukrit Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, John M Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Llombart, N. Lueker, M. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, Abigail Claire Pryke, C Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Story, K. T. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wilson, P. Wong, C Yoon, K. W. |
author_sort |
Ade, P. A. R. |
title |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set |
title_short |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set |
title_full |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set |
title_fullStr |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set |
title_full_unstemmed |
BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set |
title_sort |
bicep2. ii. experiment and three-year data set |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30353759 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.4302 The Astrophysical Journal Ade, P. A. R., R. W. Aikin, M. Amiri, D. Barkats, S. J. Benton, C. A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, et al. 2014. “BICEP2. II. Experiment and three-year data set.” The Astrophysical Journal 792 (1) (August 14): 62. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/62. 1538-4357 http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30353759 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/62 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/62 |
container_title |
The Astrophysical Journal |
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792 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
62 |
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1766202413963804672 |