The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters
We present the results of an X-ray analysis of 80 galaxy clusters selected in the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope survey and observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We divide the full sample into subsamples of ∼20 clusters based on redshift and central density, performing a joint X-ray spectral...
Published in: | The Astrophysical Journal |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
IOP Publishing
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25811021 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 |
id |
ftharvardudash:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/25811021 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Harvard University: DASH - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard |
op_collection_id |
ftharvardudash |
language |
English |
topic |
galaxies clusters general - galaxies clusters: intracluster medium - cosmology early universe - X-Rays |
spellingShingle |
galaxies clusters general - galaxies clusters: intracluster medium - cosmology early universe - X-Rays McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, Alexey A. Aird, K. A. Allen, S. W. Bautz, Marshall William Bayliss, Matthew Bleem, L. E. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, Hyunjii Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Foley, R. J. Forman, William R. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, Christine M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J Meyer, S. S. Miller, Eric Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, Armin Wolfgang Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, James Edward Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, Brian A Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, Aaron William Story, K. T. Stubbs, Christopher William Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters |
topic_facet |
galaxies clusters general - galaxies clusters: intracluster medium - cosmology early universe - X-Rays |
description |
We present the results of an X-ray analysis of 80 galaxy clusters selected in the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope survey and observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We divide the full sample into subsamples of ∼20 clusters based on redshift and central density, performing a joint X-ray spectral fit to all clusters in a subsample simultaneously, assuming self-similarity of the temperature profile. This approach allows us to constrain the shape of the temperature profile over 0 < r < 1.5R500, which would be impossible on a per-cluster basis, since the observations of individual clusters have, on average, 2000 X-ray counts. The results presented here represent the first constraints on the evolution of the average temperature profile from z = 0 to z = 1.2. We find that high-z (0.6 < z < 1.2) clusters are slightly (∼30%) cooler both in the inner (r < 0.1R500) and outer (r > R500) regions than their low-z (0.3 < z < 0.6) counterparts. Combining the average temperature profile with measured gas density profiles from our earlier work, we infer the average pressure and entropy profiles for each subsample. Confirming earlier results from this data set, we find an absence of strong cool cores at high z, manifested in this analysis as a significantly lower observed pressure in the central 0.1R500 of the high-z cool-core subset of clusters compared to the low-z cool-core subset. Overall, our observed pressure profiles agree well with earlier lower-redshift measurements, suggesting minimal redshift evolution in the pressure profile outside of the core. We find no measurable redshift evolution in the entropy profile at r . 0.7R500 – this may reflect a long-standing balance between cooling and feedback over long timescales and large physical scales. We observe a slight flattening of the entropy profile at r & R500 in our high-z subsample. This flattening is consistent with a temperature bias due to the enhanced (∼3×) rate at which group-mass (∼2 keV) halos, which would go undetected at our survey depth, are accreting onto the cluster at z ∼ 1. This work demonstrates a powerful method for inferring spatially-resolved cluster properties in the case where individual cluster signal-to-noise is low, but the number of observed clusters is high. Physics Accepted Manuscript |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, Alexey A. Aird, K. A. Allen, S. W. Bautz, Marshall William Bayliss, Matthew Bleem, L. E. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, Hyunjii Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Foley, R. J. Forman, William R. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, Christine M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J Meyer, S. S. Miller, Eric Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, Armin Wolfgang Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, James Edward Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, Brian A Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, Aaron William Story, K. T. Stubbs, Christopher William Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. |
author_facet |
McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, Alexey A. Aird, K. A. Allen, S. W. Bautz, Marshall William Bayliss, Matthew Bleem, L. E. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, Hyunjii Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Foley, R. J. Forman, William R. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, Christine M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J Meyer, S. S. Miller, Eric Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, Armin Wolfgang Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, James Edward Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, Brian A Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, Aaron William Story, K. T. Stubbs, Christopher William Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. |
author_sort |
McDonald, M. |
title |
The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters |
title_short |
The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters |
title_full |
The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters |
title_fullStr |
The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters |
title_sort |
redshift evolution of the mean temperature, pressure, and entropy profiles in 80 spt-selected galaxy clusters |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25811021 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
doi:10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 http://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.6250v2.pdf ApJ McDonald, M., B. A. Benson, A. Vikhlinin, K. A. Aird, S. W. Allen, M. Bautz, M. Bayliss, et al. 2014. The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters. The Astrophysical Journal 794, no. 1: 67. 1538-4357 http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25811021 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 |
container_title |
The Astrophysical Journal |
container_volume |
794 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
67 |
_version_ |
1766202949147557888 |
spelling |
ftharvardudash:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/25811021 2023-05-15T18:23:22+02:00 The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, Alexey A. Aird, K. A. Allen, S. W. Bautz, Marshall William Bayliss, Matthew Bleem, L. E. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, Hyunjii Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Foley, R. J. Forman, William R. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Hlavacek-Larrondo, J. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, Christine M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J Meyer, S. S. Miller, Eric Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, Armin Wolfgang Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, James Edward Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, Brian A Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, Aaron William Story, K. T. Stubbs, Christopher William Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. 2014 application/pdf http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25811021 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 en_US eng IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 http://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.6250v2.pdf ApJ McDonald, M., B. A. Benson, A. Vikhlinin, K. A. Aird, S. W. Allen, M. Bautz, M. Bayliss, et al. 2014. The Redshift Evolution of the Mean Temperature, Pressure, and Entropy Profiles in 80 SPT-Selected Galaxy Clusters. The Astrophysical Journal 794, no. 1: 67. 1538-4357 http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:25811021 galaxies clusters general - galaxies clusters: intracluster medium - cosmology early universe - X-Rays Journal Article 2014 ftharvardudash https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/67 2022-04-05T07:45:48Z We present the results of an X-ray analysis of 80 galaxy clusters selected in the 2500 deg2 South Pole Telescope survey and observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We divide the full sample into subsamples of ∼20 clusters based on redshift and central density, performing a joint X-ray spectral fit to all clusters in a subsample simultaneously, assuming self-similarity of the temperature profile. This approach allows us to constrain the shape of the temperature profile over 0 < r < 1.5R500, which would be impossible on a per-cluster basis, since the observations of individual clusters have, on average, 2000 X-ray counts. The results presented here represent the first constraints on the evolution of the average temperature profile from z = 0 to z = 1.2. We find that high-z (0.6 < z < 1.2) clusters are slightly (∼30%) cooler both in the inner (r < 0.1R500) and outer (r > R500) regions than their low-z (0.3 < z < 0.6) counterparts. Combining the average temperature profile with measured gas density profiles from our earlier work, we infer the average pressure and entropy profiles for each subsample. Confirming earlier results from this data set, we find an absence of strong cool cores at high z, manifested in this analysis as a significantly lower observed pressure in the central 0.1R500 of the high-z cool-core subset of clusters compared to the low-z cool-core subset. Overall, our observed pressure profiles agree well with earlier lower-redshift measurements, suggesting minimal redshift evolution in the pressure profile outside of the core. We find no measurable redshift evolution in the entropy profile at r . 0.7R500 – this may reflect a long-standing balance between cooling and feedback over long timescales and large physical scales. We observe a slight flattening of the entropy profile at r & R500 in our high-z subsample. This flattening is consistent with a temperature bias due to the enhanced (∼3×) rate at which group-mass (∼2 keV) halos, which would go undetected at our survey depth, are accreting onto the cluster at z ∼ 1. This work demonstrates a powerful method for inferring spatially-resolved cluster properties in the case where individual cluster signal-to-noise is low, but the number of observed clusters is high. Physics Accepted Manuscript Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Harvard University: DASH - Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard South Pole The Astrophysical Journal 794 1 67 |