| Summary: | Drought is a long-lasting shortage in water supply in the atmosphere, surface and groundwater expressing itself with (i) less than average precipitation (meteorological drought), (ii) followed by a damage in crop production or in the ecology, if below-average precipitation period is extended (agricultural drought) and also with (iii) significant fall of water reserves such as in aquifers, lakes (hydrological drought). Thus, drought monitoring is crucial for the economy and water resources management for a country, however, it cannot be achieved properly in national scale with the traditional observation methods. Satellite-based techniques for drought monitoring are very promising for this purpose. In this study, by using Center for Space Research (CSR)’s Level 3, Release 5 (RL05) data observed by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite, German Research Center (GFZ)’s Level 3, Release 6 (RL06) data observed by GRACE/GRACE-FO (GRACE-Follow-On) satellite, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data and finally drought indices (El Niño–Southern Oscillation: ENSO, North Atlantic Oscillation: NOA, Self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity index: SCPDSI), a state of the art about drought monitoring in Turkey, is presented. The results propose to find answers about how to reveal the dominant drought periods, get notable information about the spatial distribution, observe spatial and temporal change rate and understand several prominent reasons of the drought events observed in Turkey. Moreover, the results of the statistical approach used for the prediction of GRACE/GRACE-FO derived Total Water Storage (TWS) time series is discussed. According to our results, the spatial distribution of the drought is primarily affected by the precipitation history but also by uncontrolled human usage of water resources, especially in Central Anatolia according to GRACE and GRACE-FO results. The contrast leading to a spatial change from Eastern part to ...
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