Indication of high pore-fluid pressures in a seismically-active fault zone

• Published in: Geophysical Journal International
• Main Authors: Stuart, Crampin, Volti, Theodora, Chastin, Sebastien, Gudmundsson, Agust, Stefánsson, Ragnar
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2002
• Subjects: 90°-flips; earthquakes; fault planes; high pressures; shear-wave splitting; Húsavík; Iceland; Flatey
• Online Access: https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/60dfdbc6-dae7-4c8c-a756-77b9dd07174a; https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01830.x; https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8213145/; https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8213145

Polarisations of seismic shear-wave splitting observed above small earthquakes in Iceland are typically approximately NE to SW, parallel to the direction of maximum horizontal stress. In contrast, the polarisations of shear-waves at three new stations sited over the Húsavík–Flatey Fault, a major seismically-active transform fault in northern Iceland, are approximately NW to SE, orthogonal to the stress-aligned polarisations elsewhere. Modelling suggests that these 90°-flips in polarisations are caused by propagation through cracks containing fluids at high pore-fluid pressures within one or two MPa of the critical stress. These observations suggest that high pore-fluid pressures, which play a key role in earthquake source mechanisms, can be monitored by analysing shear-wave splitting above seismically-active fault planes.