Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots
The motion of hotspots and the deformation of their underlying plume conduits as calculated within models of global mantle flow are presented. A new list of 44 possible hotspots with associated tracks has been compiled. For all of them, calculations have been performed under consideration of individ...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
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ftgfzpotsdam:oai:gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de:item_239096 2023-05-15T16:52:14+02:00 Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots Steinberger, B. 0 Pre-GFZ, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum 2000 https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_239096 unknown info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/1999JB900398 https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_239096 Journal of Geophysical Research 550 - Earth sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2000 ftgfzpotsdam https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900398 2022-09-14T05:53:32Z The motion of hotspots and the deformation of their underlying plume conduits as calculated within models of global mantle flow are presented. A new list of 44 possible hotspots with associated tracks has been compiled. For all of them, calculations have been performed under consideration of individual age and anomalous mass flux for three different models of plume buoyancy and mantle flow. Plume source depth has usually been assumed to be the top of D”, but an alternative source depth at the 670-km discontinuity has also been considered. Using models of relative plate motions and boundaries, hotspot tracks on plates have been calculated and compared with age data, ocean floor topography, and distribution of volcanics on continents. Absolute plate motions have been redetermined under consideration of hotspot motion, using a new least squares method. For the Hawaiian and Yellowstone hotspots, source locations and hotspot motion have been computed for a total of up to 23 different models. The results show plume conduits being tilted, with source regions at the D” moving in the lowermost mantle flow, generally toward large-scale upwellings under southern Africa and the south central Pacific. Hotspot surface motion often represents the horizontal component of midmantle flow, which is frequently opposite to plate motion, toward ridges and away from subduction zones. In particular, almost all models tested predict southward motion of the Hawaii and Kerguelen hotspots and westward motion of the Iceland hotspot. For models including hotspot motion the agreement between calculated and observed hotspot tracks is frequently about as good as, or better than, for the fixed hotspot model, but sometimes fixed hotspots give the best fit. In some cases where the track ends at a subduction zone, e.g., for the Bowie hotspot, results can give indications about the otherwise unknown age of the hotspot. In other cases, especially for the Tahiti hotspot, results suggest an origin shallower than D”, and in yet other cases, particularly ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland GFZpublic (German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam) Kerguelen Pacific Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 105 B5 11127 11152 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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GFZpublic (German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam) |
op_collection_id |
ftgfzpotsdam |
language |
unknown |
topic |
550 - Earth sciences |
spellingShingle |
550 - Earth sciences Steinberger, B. Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots |
topic_facet |
550 - Earth sciences |
description |
The motion of hotspots and the deformation of their underlying plume conduits as calculated within models of global mantle flow are presented. A new list of 44 possible hotspots with associated tracks has been compiled. For all of them, calculations have been performed under consideration of individual age and anomalous mass flux for three different models of plume buoyancy and mantle flow. Plume source depth has usually been assumed to be the top of D”, but an alternative source depth at the 670-km discontinuity has also been considered. Using models of relative plate motions and boundaries, hotspot tracks on plates have been calculated and compared with age data, ocean floor topography, and distribution of volcanics on continents. Absolute plate motions have been redetermined under consideration of hotspot motion, using a new least squares method. For the Hawaiian and Yellowstone hotspots, source locations and hotspot motion have been computed for a total of up to 23 different models. The results show plume conduits being tilted, with source regions at the D” moving in the lowermost mantle flow, generally toward large-scale upwellings under southern Africa and the south central Pacific. Hotspot surface motion often represents the horizontal component of midmantle flow, which is frequently opposite to plate motion, toward ridges and away from subduction zones. In particular, almost all models tested predict southward motion of the Hawaii and Kerguelen hotspots and westward motion of the Iceland hotspot. For models including hotspot motion the agreement between calculated and observed hotspot tracks is frequently about as good as, or better than, for the fixed hotspot model, but sometimes fixed hotspots give the best fit. In some cases where the track ends at a subduction zone, e.g., for the Bowie hotspot, results can give indications about the otherwise unknown age of the hotspot. In other cases, especially for the Tahiti hotspot, results suggest an origin shallower than D”, and in yet other cases, particularly ... |
author2 |
0 Pre-GFZ, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Steinberger, B. |
author_facet |
Steinberger, B. |
author_sort |
Steinberger, B. |
title |
Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots |
title_short |
Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots |
title_full |
Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots |
title_fullStr |
Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots |
title_full_unstemmed |
Plumes in a convecting mantle: Models and observations for individual hot-spots |
title_sort |
plumes in a convecting mantle: models and observations for individual hot-spots |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_239096 |
geographic |
Kerguelen Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Kerguelen Pacific |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Journal of Geophysical Research |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/1999JB900398 https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_239096 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900398 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
container_volume |
105 |
container_issue |
B5 |
container_start_page |
11127 |
op_container_end_page |
11152 |
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1766042393159663616 |