Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland
The properties of streamlined glacial landforms and palaeo-flow indicators in the valleys of Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur in northern Iceland were quantified using spatial analyses. Drumlins and mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGL) were visually identified using satellite imagery from Google...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College
2016
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/esfac/74 |
id |
ftgettysburgcoll:oai:cupola.gettysburg.edu:esfac-1080 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftgettysburgcoll:oai:cupola.gettysburg.edu:esfac-1080 2023-05-15T16:41:21+02:00 Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland Principato, Sarah M. Moyer, Alexis N. Hampsch, Alyson G. Ipsen, Heather A. 2016-07-01T07:00:00Z https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/esfac/74 unknown The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/esfac/74 Environmental Studies Faculty Publications iceland arcgis drumlin mega-scale glacial lineations Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Environmental Sciences article 2016 ftgettysburgcoll 2022-04-09T18:51:08Z The properties of streamlined glacial landforms and palaeo-flow indicators in the valleys of Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur in northern Iceland were quantified using spatial analyses. Drumlins and mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGL) were visually identified using satellite imagery from Google Earth, the National Land Survey of Iceland (NLSI) Map Viewer and Landsat satellites, and using aerial photographs from the NLSI. A semi-automated technique was developed using ENVI to determine regions in northern Iceland likely to contain streamlined landforms. The outlines of the identified landforms were manually delineated in Google Earth, and all analyses were conducted in ArcGIS using a 20 m digital elevation model (DEM) of Iceland from the NLSI. Smaller features such as flutes, grooves and striations were measured in the field. At least 543 drumlins and 90 MSGL were identified in the three valleys. Average elongation ratios for Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur are 4.3:1, 5.2:1 and 6.7:1, respectively. The average density of streamlined landforms is 2.34 landforms per 1 km2. Striations and orientation data of the drumlins and MSGL demonstrate ice flow to the northwest into Húnaflói. Parallel conformity is higher in the valley of Svínadalur (9° standard deviation) than in Viðidalur (12°) and Vatnsdalur (16°). Packing values are generally higher in the centre of each valley. The properties of streamlined landforms in the valleys of Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur support the presence of palaeo-ice stream activity on northern Iceland. Palaeo-ice streams flowed from these regions into Húnaflói, supplying ice to the margin of the Iceland Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. These palaeo-ice streams provide a mechanism for ice centres from the mainland of Iceland to reach the shelf-slope break. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Iceland The Cupola - Scholarship at Gettysburg College Húnaflói ENVELOPE(-20.864,-20.864,65.746,65.746) Vatnsdalur ENVELOPE(-6.885,-6.885,61.593,61.593) Viðidalur ENVELOPE(-21.695,-21.695,64.881,64.881) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The Cupola - Scholarship at Gettysburg College |
op_collection_id |
ftgettysburgcoll |
language |
unknown |
topic |
iceland arcgis drumlin mega-scale glacial lineations Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
iceland arcgis drumlin mega-scale glacial lineations Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Environmental Sciences Principato, Sarah M. Moyer, Alexis N. Hampsch, Alyson G. Ipsen, Heather A. Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland |
topic_facet |
iceland arcgis drumlin mega-scale glacial lineations Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Environmental Sciences |
description |
The properties of streamlined glacial landforms and palaeo-flow indicators in the valleys of Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur in northern Iceland were quantified using spatial analyses. Drumlins and mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGL) were visually identified using satellite imagery from Google Earth, the National Land Survey of Iceland (NLSI) Map Viewer and Landsat satellites, and using aerial photographs from the NLSI. A semi-automated technique was developed using ENVI to determine regions in northern Iceland likely to contain streamlined landforms. The outlines of the identified landforms were manually delineated in Google Earth, and all analyses were conducted in ArcGIS using a 20 m digital elevation model (DEM) of Iceland from the NLSI. Smaller features such as flutes, grooves and striations were measured in the field. At least 543 drumlins and 90 MSGL were identified in the three valleys. Average elongation ratios for Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur are 4.3:1, 5.2:1 and 6.7:1, respectively. The average density of streamlined landforms is 2.34 landforms per 1 km2. Striations and orientation data of the drumlins and MSGL demonstrate ice flow to the northwest into Húnaflói. Parallel conformity is higher in the valley of Svínadalur (9° standard deviation) than in Viðidalur (12°) and Vatnsdalur (16°). Packing values are generally higher in the centre of each valley. The properties of streamlined landforms in the valleys of Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur support the presence of palaeo-ice stream activity on northern Iceland. Palaeo-ice streams flowed from these regions into Húnaflói, supplying ice to the margin of the Iceland Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. These palaeo-ice streams provide a mechanism for ice centres from the mainland of Iceland to reach the shelf-slope break. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Principato, Sarah M. Moyer, Alexis N. Hampsch, Alyson G. Ipsen, Heather A. |
author_facet |
Principato, Sarah M. Moyer, Alexis N. Hampsch, Alyson G. Ipsen, Heather A. |
author_sort |
Principato, Sarah M. |
title |
Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland |
title_short |
Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland |
title_full |
Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Using GIS and Streamlined Landforms to Interpret Palaeo-Ice Flow in Northern Iceland |
title_sort |
using gis and streamlined landforms to interpret palaeo-ice flow in northern iceland |
publisher |
The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/esfac/74 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-20.864,-20.864,65.746,65.746) ENVELOPE(-6.885,-6.885,61.593,61.593) ENVELOPE(-21.695,-21.695,64.881,64.881) |
geographic |
Húnaflói Vatnsdalur Viðidalur |
geographic_facet |
Húnaflói Vatnsdalur Viðidalur |
genre |
Ice Sheet Iceland |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet Iceland |
op_source |
Environmental Studies Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/esfac/74 |
_version_ |
1766031786580639744 |