Humoral immune response in Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra), Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus) and North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) after vaccination with different canine distemper virus vaccines

• Main Author: Günther-Weigl, Astrid
• Other Authors: [e-mail], w, Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer, Prof. Dr. Klaus Eulenberger, Univ.-Prof. Klaus Osterrieder
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: Aonyx cinereus; canine distemper virus; immune response; Lontra canadensis; Lutra lutra; otters; vaccination; ddc:630; American River; Lontra
• Online Access: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/7319; https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-11518; https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000018290-6

1\. INTRODUCTION 1 2\. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3 2.1 Canine distemper 3 2.1.1 Taxonomy 3 2.1.2 Morphology 3 2.1.3 Proteins 5 2.1.4 Physical properties 6 2.1.5 Genotypes 6 2.1.5.1 CDV vaccine strains 6 2.1.6 Pathogenesis and clinical signs 8 2.1.7 Epidemiology 9 2.1.8 Canine distemper in non-domestic species 11 2.1.9 Immune response 16 2.1.10 CDV diagnosis 18 2.1.10.1 Virus detection 18 2.1.10.2 Antibody detection 19 2.1.11 Prevention and control 21 2.2 Canine distemper vaccination 22 2.2.1 Principles of vaccination 22 2.2.2 Canine distemper vaccines 22 2.2.2.1 Modified live virus vaccines 22 2.2.2.2 Inactivated vaccine 24 2.2.2.3 CDV-ISCOM subunit vaccine 25 2.2.2.4 Recombinant vaccines 25 2.2.2.5 DNA vaccines 26 2.2.3 Vaccination schedules 26 2.2.4 Failures in vaccination 27 3\. AIMS OF THE STUDY 29 4\. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 4.1 Study animals 31 4.2 Vaccines and vaccination intervals 32 4.3 Immobilisation and blood-sampling 33 4.4 Laboratory diagnosis 34 4.4.1 Processing of blood 34 4.4.2 Cell cultures 35 4.4.3 Viruses 35 4.4.4 Neutralising peroxidase-linked antibody test (NPLAT) 35 4.4.5 Indirect enzyme- linked immonosorbent assay (ELISA) 37 4.4.6 Expressing and presenting serologic results 39 4.5 Statistical analysis 40 5\. RESULTS 41 Study 1: Otters previously not vaccinated 5.1 Inactivated CDV vaccine 41 5.1.1 Sample distribution 41 5.1.2 Prevalence of CDV-specific antibodies 42 5.1.3 Sero- response after vaccination with inactivated CDV vaccine 42 5.1.3.1 Eurasian otter 42 5.1.3.2 North American river otter 44 5.1.3.3 Asian small-clawed otter 44 5.1.4 Comparison of sero-response to inactivated CDV vaccine in the three otter species 47 5.2 CDV-ISCOM vaccine 47 5.2.1 Sample distribution 47 5.2.2 Prevalence of CDV-specific antibodies 48 5.2.3 Sero-response after vaccination with CDV-ISCOM vaccine 48 5.2.3.1 Eurasian otters 48 5.2.3.2 Asian small-clawed otters 49 5.2.3.3 Comparison of immune response to CDV-ISCOM vaccine in the two otter species 50 5.3 Modified live virus CDV vaccines 53 5.3.1 Sample ...