Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif
Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine plankto...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/7868546 2023-05-15T14:52:59+02:00 Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif Dolors Vaqué Elena Lara Jesús M. Arrieta Johnna Holding Elisabet L. Sà Iris E. Hendriks Alexandra Coello-Camba Marta Alvarez Susana Agustí Paul F. Wassmann Carlos M. Duarte 2019-03-20T13:41:49Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Warming_and_CO2_Enhance_Arctic_Heterotrophic_Microbial_Activity_tif/7868546 unknown doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Warming_and_CO2_Enhance_Arctic_Heterotrophic_Microbial_Activity_tif/7868546 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology pCO2 temperature microbial food-webs viral life cycle Arctic Ocean Image Figure 2019 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494.s002 2019-03-20T23:58:14Z Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine planktonic microorganisms play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles in the ocean it is crucial to simultaneously evaluate the effect of warming and increasing CO 2 on marine microbial communities. In 20 L experimental microcosms filled with water from a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard), we examined changes in phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial abundances and processes [bacterial production (BP) and mortality], and viral activity (lytic and lysogenic) in relation to warming and elevated CO 2 . The summer microbial plankton community living at 1.4°C in situ temperature, was exposed to increased CO 2 concentrations (135–2,318 μatm) in three controlled temperature treatments (1, 6, and 10°C) at the UNIS installations in Longyearbyen (Svalbard), in summer 2010. Results showed that chlorophyll a concentration decreased at increasing temperatures, while BP significantly increased with pCO 2 at 6 and 10°C. Lytic viral production was not affected by changes in pCO 2 and temperature, while lysogeny increased significantly at increasing levels of pCO 2 , especially at 10°C (R 2 = 0.858, p = 0.02). Moreover, protistan grazing rates showed a positive interaction between pCO 2 and temperature. The averaged percentage of bacteria grazed per day was higher (19.56 ± 2.77% d -1 ) than the averaged percentage of lysed bacteria by virus (7.18 ± 1.50% d -1 ) for all treatments. Furthermore, the relationship among microbial abundances and processes showed that BP was significantly related to phototrophic pico/nanoflagellate abundance in the 1°C and the 6°C treatments, and BP triggered viral activity, mainly lysogeny at 6 and 10°C, while bacterial mortality rates was significantly related to bacterial abundances at 6°C. Consequently, our ... Still Image Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Longyearbyen Ocean acidification Svalbard UNIS Frontiers: Figshare Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Longyearbyen |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology pCO2 temperature microbial food-webs viral life cycle Arctic Ocean |
spellingShingle |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology pCO2 temperature microbial food-webs viral life cycle Arctic Ocean Dolors Vaqué Elena Lara Jesús M. Arrieta Johnna Holding Elisabet L. Sà Iris E. Hendriks Alexandra Coello-Camba Marta Alvarez Susana Agustí Paul F. Wassmann Carlos M. Duarte Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif |
topic_facet |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology pCO2 temperature microbial food-webs viral life cycle Arctic Ocean |
description |
Ocean acidification and warming are two main consequences of climate change that can directly affect biological and ecosystem processes in marine habitats. The Arctic Ocean is the region of the world experiencing climate change at the steepest rate compared with other latitudes. Since marine planktonic microorganisms play a key role in the biogeochemical cycles in the ocean it is crucial to simultaneously evaluate the effect of warming and increasing CO 2 on marine microbial communities. In 20 L experimental microcosms filled with water from a high-Arctic fjord (Svalbard), we examined changes in phototrophic and heterotrophic microbial abundances and processes [bacterial production (BP) and mortality], and viral activity (lytic and lysogenic) in relation to warming and elevated CO 2 . The summer microbial plankton community living at 1.4°C in situ temperature, was exposed to increased CO 2 concentrations (135–2,318 μatm) in three controlled temperature treatments (1, 6, and 10°C) at the UNIS installations in Longyearbyen (Svalbard), in summer 2010. Results showed that chlorophyll a concentration decreased at increasing temperatures, while BP significantly increased with pCO 2 at 6 and 10°C. Lytic viral production was not affected by changes in pCO 2 and temperature, while lysogeny increased significantly at increasing levels of pCO 2 , especially at 10°C (R 2 = 0.858, p = 0.02). Moreover, protistan grazing rates showed a positive interaction between pCO 2 and temperature. The averaged percentage of bacteria grazed per day was higher (19.56 ± 2.77% d -1 ) than the averaged percentage of lysed bacteria by virus (7.18 ± 1.50% d -1 ) for all treatments. Furthermore, the relationship among microbial abundances and processes showed that BP was significantly related to phototrophic pico/nanoflagellate abundance in the 1°C and the 6°C treatments, and BP triggered viral activity, mainly lysogeny at 6 and 10°C, while bacterial mortality rates was significantly related to bacterial abundances at 6°C. Consequently, our ... |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Dolors Vaqué Elena Lara Jesús M. Arrieta Johnna Holding Elisabet L. Sà Iris E. Hendriks Alexandra Coello-Camba Marta Alvarez Susana Agustí Paul F. Wassmann Carlos M. Duarte |
author_facet |
Dolors Vaqué Elena Lara Jesús M. Arrieta Johnna Holding Elisabet L. Sà Iris E. Hendriks Alexandra Coello-Camba Marta Alvarez Susana Agustí Paul F. Wassmann Carlos M. Duarte |
author_sort |
Dolors Vaqué |
title |
Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif |
title_short |
Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif |
title_full |
Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif |
title_fullStr |
Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_2_Warming and CO2 Enhance Arctic Heterotrophic Microbial Activity.tif |
title_sort |
image_2_warming and co2 enhance arctic heterotrophic microbial activity.tif |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Warming_and_CO2_Enhance_Arctic_Heterotrophic_Microbial_Activity_tif/7868546 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Longyearbyen |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Longyearbyen |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Longyearbyen Ocean acidification Svalbard UNIS |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Longyearbyen Ocean acidification Svalbard UNIS |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Warming_and_CO2_Enhance_Arctic_Heterotrophic_Microbial_Activity_tif/7868546 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00494.s002 |
_version_ |
1766324393437298688 |