Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG
A notable feature of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the unprecedented formation of marine oil snow (MOS) that was observed in large quantities floating on the sea surface and that subsequently sedimented to the seafloor. Whilst the physical and chemical processes involved in MOS formation remai...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/7866584 2023-05-15T17:41:34+02:00 Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG Laura Duran Suja Xindi Chen Stephen Summers David M. Paterson Tony Gutierrez 2019-03-20T04:20:55Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00553.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Chemical_Dispersant_Enhances_Microbial_Exopolymer_EPS_Production_and_Formation_of_Marine_Oil_Dispersant_Snow_in_Surface_Waters_of_the_Subarctic_Northeast_Atlantic_PNG/7866584 unknown doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00553.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Chemical_Dispersant_Enhances_Microbial_Exopolymer_EPS_Production_and_Formation_of_Marine_Oil_Dispersant_Snow_in_Surface_Waters_of_the_Subarctic_Northeast_Atlantic_PNG/7866584 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology marine oil snow marine dispersant snow Faroe–Shetland Channel hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria EPS Image Figure 2019 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00553.s001 2019-03-20T23:58:21Z A notable feature of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the unprecedented formation of marine oil snow (MOS) that was observed in large quantities floating on the sea surface and that subsequently sedimented to the seafloor. Whilst the physical and chemical processes involved in MOS formation remain unclear, some studies have shown that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a role in this process. Here, we report that during exposure of subarctic northeast Atlantic seawater to a chemical dispersant, whether in the presence/absence of crude oil, the dispersant stimulates the production of significant quantities of EPS that we posit serves as a key building block in the formation of MOS. This response is likely conferred via de novo synthesis of EPS by natural communities of bacteria. We also describe the formation of marine dispersant snow (MDS) as a product of adding chemical dispersants to seawater. Differential staining confirmed that MDS, like MOS, is composed of glycoprotein, though MDS is more protein rich. Using barcoded-amplicon Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we analyzed, for the first time, the bacterial communities associated with MDS and report that their diversity is not significantly dissimilar to those associated with MOS aggregates. Our findings emphasize the need to conduct further work on the effects of dispersants when applied to oil spills at sea, particularly at different sites, and to determine how the product of this (i.e., MOS and MDS) affects the biodegradation of the oil. Still Image Northeast Atlantic Subarctic Frontiers: Figshare |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology marine oil snow marine dispersant snow Faroe–Shetland Channel hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria EPS |
spellingShingle |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology marine oil snow marine dispersant snow Faroe–Shetland Channel hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria EPS Laura Duran Suja Xindi Chen Stephen Summers David M. Paterson Tony Gutierrez Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG |
topic_facet |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology marine oil snow marine dispersant snow Faroe–Shetland Channel hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria EPS |
description |
A notable feature of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the unprecedented formation of marine oil snow (MOS) that was observed in large quantities floating on the sea surface and that subsequently sedimented to the seafloor. Whilst the physical and chemical processes involved in MOS formation remain unclear, some studies have shown that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play a role in this process. Here, we report that during exposure of subarctic northeast Atlantic seawater to a chemical dispersant, whether in the presence/absence of crude oil, the dispersant stimulates the production of significant quantities of EPS that we posit serves as a key building block in the formation of MOS. This response is likely conferred via de novo synthesis of EPS by natural communities of bacteria. We also describe the formation of marine dispersant snow (MDS) as a product of adding chemical dispersants to seawater. Differential staining confirmed that MDS, like MOS, is composed of glycoprotein, though MDS is more protein rich. Using barcoded-amplicon Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we analyzed, for the first time, the bacterial communities associated with MDS and report that their diversity is not significantly dissimilar to those associated with MOS aggregates. Our findings emphasize the need to conduct further work on the effects of dispersants when applied to oil spills at sea, particularly at different sites, and to determine how the product of this (i.e., MOS and MDS) affects the biodegradation of the oil. |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Laura Duran Suja Xindi Chen Stephen Summers David M. Paterson Tony Gutierrez |
author_facet |
Laura Duran Suja Xindi Chen Stephen Summers David M. Paterson Tony Gutierrez |
author_sort |
Laura Duran Suja |
title |
Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG |
title_short |
Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG |
title_full |
Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG |
title_fullStr |
Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_1_Chemical Dispersant Enhances Microbial Exopolymer (EPS) Production and Formation of Marine Oil/Dispersant Snow in Surface Waters of the Subarctic Northeast Atlantic.PNG |
title_sort |
image_1_chemical dispersant enhances microbial exopolymer (eps) production and formation of marine oil/dispersant snow in surface waters of the subarctic northeast atlantic.png |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00553.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Chemical_Dispersant_Enhances_Microbial_Exopolymer_EPS_Production_and_Formation_of_Marine_Oil_Dispersant_Snow_in_Surface_Waters_of_the_Subarctic_Northeast_Atlantic_PNG/7866584 |
genre |
Northeast Atlantic Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Northeast Atlantic Subarctic |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00553.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Chemical_Dispersant_Enhances_Microbial_Exopolymer_EPS_Production_and_Formation_of_Marine_Oil_Dispersant_Snow_in_Surface_Waters_of_the_Subarctic_Northeast_Atlantic_PNG/7866584 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00553.s001 |
_version_ |
1766143206642155520 |