Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) play a role in early development, organogenesis, and regeneration, as well as biomineralization of invertebrates. The involvement of VEGF and VEGFR in biomineralization was demonstrated in sea urchin la...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/7015646 2023-05-15T15:59:05+02:00 Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX Anna V. Ivanina Ballav Borah Tadas Rimkevicius Jason Macrander Helen Piontkivska Inna M. Sokolova Elia Beniash 2018-08-28T04:03:52Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00309.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Table_2_The_Role_of_the_Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor_VEGF_Signaling_in_Biomineralization_of_the_Oyster_Crassostrea_gigas_DOCX/7015646 unknown doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00309.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Table_2_The_Role_of_the_Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor_VEGF_Signaling_in_Biomineralization_of_the_Oyster_Crassostrea_gigas_DOCX/7015646 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biomineralization mollusk VEGF gene expression regulation hardness crystallinity respiration Dataset 2018 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00309.s003 2018-08-29T22:57:14Z Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) play a role in early development, organogenesis, and regeneration, as well as biomineralization of invertebrates. The involvement of VEGF and VEGFR in biomineralization was demonstrated in sea urchin larvae but its role in the biomineralization of other invertebrate groups such as mollusks is not known. We assessed the potential role of VEGF signaling on biomineralization of a model marine bivalve, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, by analyzing the effects of a VEGFR inhibitor (50 nM axitinib) on shell growth, shell hardness, and expression profiles of biomineralization-related genes. Bioinformatics analysis identified a wide range of biomineralization-related genes potentially activated by VEGF including carbonic anhydrases (CAs), sodium/proton and sodium/calcium exchangers, calmodulins, and genes involved in chitin metabolism. Exposure to a VEGFR inhibitor axitinib led to upregulation of CAs (CA7 and CA12), sodium/proton exchanger 10, sodium/calcium exchanger 1 and 3, as well as calmodulin mRNA in hemocytes (HCs). In the mantle tissue, axitinib exposure led to a compensatory upregulation of VEGFR mRNA but did not affect the expression of other studied biomineralization genes. Expression of VEGF, VEGFR mRNA, or that of the downstream biomineralization-related genes in a non-biomineralizing tissue (the gill) was not affected by axitinib. The shell mass was higher in the axitinib treatment group. Inhibition of VEGFR led to significant increase in shell microhardness, and to a small but statistically significant decrease in crystallinity. Our results therefore indicate that, although VEGF signaling might not play a crucial role in shell biomineralization of C. gigas as it does in mammals and echinoderms, it is involved in regulation of shell formation in bivalves and that effects of VEGF on biomineralization are likely mediated by HCs. Dataset Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster Frontiers: Figshare Pacific |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biomineralization mollusk VEGF gene expression regulation hardness crystallinity respiration |
spellingShingle |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biomineralization mollusk VEGF gene expression regulation hardness crystallinity respiration Anna V. Ivanina Ballav Borah Tadas Rimkevicius Jason Macrander Helen Piontkivska Inna M. Sokolova Elia Beniash Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX |
topic_facet |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biomineralization mollusk VEGF gene expression regulation hardness crystallinity respiration |
description |
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) play a role in early development, organogenesis, and regeneration, as well as biomineralization of invertebrates. The involvement of VEGF and VEGFR in biomineralization was demonstrated in sea urchin larvae but its role in the biomineralization of other invertebrate groups such as mollusks is not known. We assessed the potential role of VEGF signaling on biomineralization of a model marine bivalve, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, by analyzing the effects of a VEGFR inhibitor (50 nM axitinib) on shell growth, shell hardness, and expression profiles of biomineralization-related genes. Bioinformatics analysis identified a wide range of biomineralization-related genes potentially activated by VEGF including carbonic anhydrases (CAs), sodium/proton and sodium/calcium exchangers, calmodulins, and genes involved in chitin metabolism. Exposure to a VEGFR inhibitor axitinib led to upregulation of CAs (CA7 and CA12), sodium/proton exchanger 10, sodium/calcium exchanger 1 and 3, as well as calmodulin mRNA in hemocytes (HCs). In the mantle tissue, axitinib exposure led to a compensatory upregulation of VEGFR mRNA but did not affect the expression of other studied biomineralization genes. Expression of VEGF, VEGFR mRNA, or that of the downstream biomineralization-related genes in a non-biomineralizing tissue (the gill) was not affected by axitinib. The shell mass was higher in the axitinib treatment group. Inhibition of VEGFR led to significant increase in shell microhardness, and to a small but statistically significant decrease in crystallinity. Our results therefore indicate that, although VEGF signaling might not play a crucial role in shell biomineralization of C. gigas as it does in mammals and echinoderms, it is involved in regulation of shell formation in bivalves and that effects of VEGF on biomineralization are likely mediated by HCs. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Anna V. Ivanina Ballav Borah Tadas Rimkevicius Jason Macrander Helen Piontkivska Inna M. Sokolova Elia Beniash |
author_facet |
Anna V. Ivanina Ballav Borah Tadas Rimkevicius Jason Macrander Helen Piontkivska Inna M. Sokolova Elia Beniash |
author_sort |
Anna V. Ivanina |
title |
Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX |
title_short |
Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX |
title_full |
Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX |
title_fullStr |
Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX |
title_full_unstemmed |
Table_2_The Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling in Biomineralization of the Oyster Crassostrea gigas.DOCX |
title_sort |
table_2_the role of the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) signaling in biomineralization of the oyster crassostrea gigas.docx |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00309.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Table_2_The_Role_of_the_Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor_VEGF_Signaling_in_Biomineralization_of_the_Oyster_Crassostrea_gigas_DOCX/7015646 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00309.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Table_2_The_Role_of_the_Vascular_Endothelial_Growth_Factor_VEGF_Signaling_in_Biomineralization_of_the_Oyster_Crassostrea_gigas_DOCX/7015646 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00309.s003 |
_version_ |
1766394861247791104 |