Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF
The largest contribution of oceanic heat to the Arctic Ocean is the warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow through the deep Fram Strait. The AW current also carries Atlantic plankton into the Arctic Basin and this inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic-Arctic gateway far exceeds the inflow thro...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/6427370 2023-05-15T14:29:09+02:00 Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad 2018-06-04T04:08:32Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Seasonal_Variation_in_Transport_of_Zooplankton_Into_the_Arctic_Basin_Through_the_Atlantic_Gateway_Fram_Strait_PDF/6427370 unknown doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00194.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Seasonal_Variation_in_Transport_of_Zooplankton_Into_the_Arctic_Basin_Through_the_Atlantic_Gateway_Fram_Strait_PDF/6427370 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Arctic Ocean winter Image Figure 2018 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194.s001 2018-06-06T22:57:25Z The largest contribution of oceanic heat to the Arctic Ocean is the warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow through the deep Fram Strait. The AW current also carries Atlantic plankton into the Arctic Basin and this inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic-Arctic gateway far exceeds the inflow through the shallow Pacific-Arctic gateway. However, because this transport has not yet been adequately quantified based on observational data, the present contribution is poorly defined, and future changes in Arctic zooplankton communities are difficult to project and observe. Our objective was to quantify the inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Fram Strait during different seasons, including winter. We collected data with high spatial resolution covering hydrography (CTD), currents (ADCP and LADCP) and zooplankton distributions (LOPC and MultiNet) from surface to 1,000 m depth along two transects crossing the AW inflow during three cruises in January, May and August 2014. Long-term variations (1997–2016) in the AW inflow were analyzed based on moored current meters. Water transport across the inflow region was of the same order of magnitude during all months (January 2.2 Sv, May 1.9 Sv, August 1.7 Sv). We found a higher variability in zooplankton transport between the months (January 51 kg C s −1 , May 34 kg C s −1 , August 50 kg C s −1 ), related to seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of zooplankton. However, high abundances of carbon-rich copepods were observed in the AW inflow during all months. Surface patches with high abundances of C. finmarchicus, Microcalanus spp., Pseudocalanus spp., and Oithona similis clearly contributed to the advected biomass, also in winter. The data reveal that the phenology of species is important for the amount of advected biomass, and that the advective input of zooplankton carbon into the Arctic Basin is important during all seasons. The advective zooplankton input might be especially important for mesopelagic planktivorous predators that were recently observed in the ... Still Image Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Fram Strait Pacific Arctic Zooplankton Copepods Spitsbergen Frontiers: Figshare Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Arctic Ocean winter |
spellingShingle |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Arctic Ocean winter Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF |
topic_facet |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering advection West Spitsbergen current mesozooplankton laser optical plankton counter Atlantic Water seasonal Arctic Ocean winter |
description |
The largest contribution of oceanic heat to the Arctic Ocean is the warm Atlantic Water (AW) inflow through the deep Fram Strait. The AW current also carries Atlantic plankton into the Arctic Basin and this inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Atlantic-Arctic gateway far exceeds the inflow through the shallow Pacific-Arctic gateway. However, because this transport has not yet been adequately quantified based on observational data, the present contribution is poorly defined, and future changes in Arctic zooplankton communities are difficult to project and observe. Our objective was to quantify the inflow of zooplankton biomass through the Fram Strait during different seasons, including winter. We collected data with high spatial resolution covering hydrography (CTD), currents (ADCP and LADCP) and zooplankton distributions (LOPC and MultiNet) from surface to 1,000 m depth along two transects crossing the AW inflow during three cruises in January, May and August 2014. Long-term variations (1997–2016) in the AW inflow were analyzed based on moored current meters. Water transport across the inflow region was of the same order of magnitude during all months (January 2.2 Sv, May 1.9 Sv, August 1.7 Sv). We found a higher variability in zooplankton transport between the months (January 51 kg C s −1 , May 34 kg C s −1 , August 50 kg C s −1 ), related to seasonal changes in the vertical distribution of zooplankton. However, high abundances of carbon-rich copepods were observed in the AW inflow during all months. Surface patches with high abundances of C. finmarchicus, Microcalanus spp., Pseudocalanus spp., and Oithona similis clearly contributed to the advected biomass, also in winter. The data reveal that the phenology of species is important for the amount of advected biomass, and that the advective input of zooplankton carbon into the Arctic Basin is important during all seasons. The advective zooplankton input might be especially important for mesopelagic planktivorous predators that were recently observed in the ... |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad |
author_facet |
Sünnje L. Basedow Arild Sundfjord Wilken-Jon von Appen Elisabeth Halvorsen Slawomir Kwasniewski Marit Reigstad |
author_sort |
Sünnje L. Basedow |
title |
Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF |
title_short |
Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF |
title_full |
Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF |
title_fullStr |
Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_1_Seasonal Variation in Transport of Zooplankton Into the Arctic Basin Through the Atlantic Gateway, Fram Strait.PDF |
title_sort |
image_1_seasonal variation in transport of zooplankton into the arctic basin through the atlantic gateway, fram strait.pdf |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Seasonal_Variation_in_Transport_of_Zooplankton_Into_the_Arctic_Basin_Through_the_Atlantic_Gateway_Fram_Strait_PDF/6427370 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Fram Strait Pacific Arctic Zooplankton Copepods Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Fram Strait Pacific Arctic Zooplankton Copepods Spitsbergen |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00194.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_1_Seasonal_Variation_in_Transport_of_Zooplankton_Into_the_Arctic_Basin_Through_the_Atlantic_Gateway_Fram_Strait_PDF/6427370 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00194.s001 |
_version_ |
1766303227473559552 |