Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg
Given that ecosystems are composed of sounds created by geophysical events (e.g., wind, rain), animal behaviors (e.g., dawn songbird chorus), and human activities (e.g., tourism) that depend on seasonal climate conditions, the phenological patterns of a soundscape could be coupled with long-term wea...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/26356018 2024-09-15T18:37:52+00:00 Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg Timothy C. Mullet Almo Farina John M. Morton Sara R. Wilhelm 2024-07-23T10:51:48Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1345558.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Seasonal_sonic_patterns_reveal_phenological_phases_sonophases_associated_with_climate_change_in_subarctic_Alaska_jpeg/26356018 unknown doi:10.3389/fevo.2024.1345558.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Seasonal_sonic_patterns_reveal_phenological_phases_sonophases_associated_with_climate_change_in_subarctic_Alaska_jpeg/26356018 CC BY 4.0 Ecology acoustic complexity index Alaska climate change ecoacoustics phenology sonophase soundscape subarctic Image Figure 2024 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1345558.s004 2024-08-19T06:19:43Z Given that ecosystems are composed of sounds created by geophysical events (e.g., wind, rain), animal behaviors (e.g., dawn songbird chorus), and human activities (e.g., tourism) that depend on seasonal climate conditions, the phenological patterns of a soundscape could be coupled with long-term weather station data as a complimentary ecological indicator of climate change. We tested whether the seasonality of the soundscape coincided with common weather variables used to monitor climate. We recorded ambient sounds hourly for five minutes (01 January–30 June) over three years (2019–2021) near a weather station in a subarctic ecosystem in south-central Alaska. We quantified sonic information using the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI tf ), coupled with weather data, and used machine learning (TreeNet) to identify sonic-climate relationships. We grouped ACI tf according to time periods of prominent seasonal events (e.g., days with temperatures >0°C, no snow cover, green up, dawn biophony, and road-based tourism) and identified distinct sonic phenophases (sonophases) for groups with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. In general, sonic activity increased dramatically as winter transitioned to spring and summer. We identified two winter sonophases, a spring sonophase, and a summer sonophase, each coinciding with hours of daylight, temperature, precipitation, snow cover, and the prevalence of animal and human activities. We discuss how sonophases and weather data combined serve as a multi-dimensional, systems-based approach to understanding the ecological effects of climate change in subarctic environments. Still Image Subarctic Alaska Frontiers: Figshare |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Ecology acoustic complexity index Alaska climate change ecoacoustics phenology sonophase soundscape subarctic |
spellingShingle |
Ecology acoustic complexity index Alaska climate change ecoacoustics phenology sonophase soundscape subarctic Timothy C. Mullet Almo Farina John M. Morton Sara R. Wilhelm Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg |
topic_facet |
Ecology acoustic complexity index Alaska climate change ecoacoustics phenology sonophase soundscape subarctic |
description |
Given that ecosystems are composed of sounds created by geophysical events (e.g., wind, rain), animal behaviors (e.g., dawn songbird chorus), and human activities (e.g., tourism) that depend on seasonal climate conditions, the phenological patterns of a soundscape could be coupled with long-term weather station data as a complimentary ecological indicator of climate change. We tested whether the seasonality of the soundscape coincided with common weather variables used to monitor climate. We recorded ambient sounds hourly for five minutes (01 January–30 June) over three years (2019–2021) near a weather station in a subarctic ecosystem in south-central Alaska. We quantified sonic information using the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI tf ), coupled with weather data, and used machine learning (TreeNet) to identify sonic-climate relationships. We grouped ACI tf according to time periods of prominent seasonal events (e.g., days with temperatures >0°C, no snow cover, green up, dawn biophony, and road-based tourism) and identified distinct sonic phenophases (sonophases) for groups with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. In general, sonic activity increased dramatically as winter transitioned to spring and summer. We identified two winter sonophases, a spring sonophase, and a summer sonophase, each coinciding with hours of daylight, temperature, precipitation, snow cover, and the prevalence of animal and human activities. We discuss how sonophases and weather data combined serve as a multi-dimensional, systems-based approach to understanding the ecological effects of climate change in subarctic environments. |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Timothy C. Mullet Almo Farina John M. Morton Sara R. Wilhelm |
author_facet |
Timothy C. Mullet Almo Farina John M. Morton Sara R. Wilhelm |
author_sort |
Timothy C. Mullet |
title |
Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg |
title_short |
Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg |
title_full |
Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg |
title_fullStr |
Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image 2_Seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic Alaska.jpeg |
title_sort |
image 2_seasonal sonic patterns reveal phenological phases (sonophases) associated with climate change in subarctic alaska.jpeg |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1345558.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Seasonal_sonic_patterns_reveal_phenological_phases_sonophases_associated_with_climate_change_in_subarctic_Alaska_jpeg/26356018 |
genre |
Subarctic Alaska |
genre_facet |
Subarctic Alaska |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fevo.2024.1345558.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Seasonal_sonic_patterns_reveal_phenological_phases_sonophases_associated_with_climate_change_in_subarctic_Alaska_jpeg/26356018 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2024.1345558.s004 |
_version_ |
1810482213723045888 |