Table_3_Effects of isolation and confinement on gastrointestinal microbiota–a systematic review.pdf

• Main Authors: Bea Klos, Christina Steinbach, Jasmin Ketel, Claude Lambert, John Penders, Joël Doré, Paul Enck, Isabelle Mack
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: Clinical and Sports Nutrition; Dietetics and Nutrigenomics; Nutritional Physiology; Public Nutrition Intervention; Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified; Food Chemistry and Molecular Gastronomy (excl. Wine); Food Nutritional Balance; Animal Nutrition; Crop and Pasture Nutrition; isolation; confinement; human; microbiota; gut; gastrointestinal; space; Antarctica; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1214016.s004; https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_3_Effects_of_isolation_and_confinement_on_gastrointestinal_microbiota_a_systematic_review_pdf/23652030

Purpose The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem whose composition and function are influenced by many internal and external factors. Overall, the individual GI microbiota composition appears to be rather stable but can be influenced by extreme shifts in environmental exposures. To date, there is no systematic literature review that examines the effects of extreme environmental conditions, such as strict isolation and confinement, on the GI microbiota. Methods We conducted a systematic review to examine the effects of isolated and confined environments on the human GI microbiota. The literature search was conducted according to PRISMA criteria using PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Relevant studies were identified based on exposure to isolated and confined environments, generally being also antigen-limited, for a minimum of 28 days and classified according to the microbiota analysis method (cultivation- or molecular based approaches) and the isolation habitat (space, space- or microgravity simulation such as MARS-500 or natural isolation such as Antarctica). Microbial shifts in abundance, alpha diversity and community structure in response to isolation were assessed. Results Regardless of the study habitat, inconsistent shifts in abundance of 40 different genera, mainly in the phylum Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) were reported. Overall, the heterogeneity of studies was high. Reducing heterogeneity was neither possible by differentiating the microbiota analysis methods nor by subgrouping according to the isolation habitat. Alpha diversity evolved non-specifically, whereas the microbial community structure remained dissimilar despite partial convergence. The GI ecosystem returned to baseline levels following exposure, showing resilience irrespective of the experiment length. Conclusion An isolated and confined environment has a considerable impact on the GI microbiota composition in terms of diversity and relative abundances of dominant taxa. However, due to a limited ...