Image_2_Seismic airgun sound propagation in shallow water of the East Siberian shelf and its prediction with the measured source signature.tif

• Main Authors: Dong-Gyun Han, Sookwan Kim, Martin Landrø, Wuju Son, Dae Hyeok Lee, Young Geul Yoon, Jee Woong Choi, Eun Jin Yang, Yeonjin Choi, Young Keun Jin, Jong Kuk Hong, Sung-Ho Kang, Tae Siek Rhee, Hyoung Chul Shin, Hyoung Sul La
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2023
• Subjects: Oceanography; Marine Biology; Marine Geoscience; Biological Oceanography; Chemical Oceanography; Physical Oceanography; Marine Engineering; seismic airgun sound; underwater ambient noise; sound propagation; transmission loss; source signature; acoustic modeling; acoustic characteristics; East Siberian shelf; East Siberian Sea; East Siberian Shelf
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.956323.s003; https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Seismic_airgun_sound_propagation_in_shallow_water_of_the_East_Siberian_shelf_and_its_prediction_with_the_measured_source_signature_tif/22267759

Seismic airgun sound was measured with an autonomous passive acoustic recorder as a function of distance from 18.6 to 164.2 km in shallow water (<70 m) at the continental shelf of the East Siberian Sea in September 2019. The least-square regression curves were derived in the zero-to-peak sound pressure level, sound exposure level, and band level in a frequency range between 10 and 300 Hz using the initial amplitude scaled from the near-field hydrophone data. In addition, propagation modeling based on the parabolic equation with the measured source spectrum was performed for range-dependent bathymetry, and the results were compared with the band level of the measurements. The sediment structure of the measurement area was a thin layer of iceberg-scoured postglacial mud overlying a fast bottom with high density based on grounding events of past ice masses. The observed precursor arrivals, modal dispersion, and rapid decrease in spectrum level at low frequencies can be explained by the condition of the high-velocity sediment. Our results can be applied to studies on the inversion of ocean boundary conditions and measurement geometry and basic data for noise impact assessment.