DataSheet_2_Single cell transcriptomics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) liver reveals cellular heterogeneity and immunological responses to challenge by Aeromonas salmonicida.pdf

• Main Authors: Richard S. Taylor, Rose Ruiz Daniels, Ross Dobie, Shahmir Naseer, Thomas C. Clark, Neil C. Henderson, Pierre Boudinot, Samuel A.M. Martin, Daniel J. Macqueen
• Format: Dataset
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Immunology; Applied Immunology (incl. Antibody Engineering; Xenotransplantation and T-cell Therapies); Autoimmunity; Cellular Immunology; Humoural Immunology and Immunochemistry; Immunogenetics (incl. Genetic Immunology); Innate Immunity; Transplantation Immunology; Tumour Immunology; Immunology not elsewhere classified; Genetic Immunology; Animal Immunology; Veterinary Immunology; liver; single cell transcriptomics; bacterial infection; salmonid fish; immune-metabolism cross talk; Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.984799.s002; https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet_2_Single_cell_transcriptomics_of_Atlantic_salmon_Salmo_salar_L_liver_reveals_cellular_heterogeneity_and_immunological_responses_to_challenge_by_Aeromonas_salmonicida_pdf/20587086

The liver is a multitasking organ with essential functions for vertebrate health spanning metabolism and immunity. In contrast to mammals, our understanding of liver cellular heterogeneity and its role in regulating immunological status remains poorly defined in fishes. Addressing this knowledge gap, we generated a transcriptomic atlas of 47,432 nuclei isolated from the liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) contrasting control fish with those challenged with a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas salmonicida, a problematic bacterial pathogen in global aquaculture. We identified the major liver cell types and their sub-populations, revealing poor conservation of many hepatic cell marker genes utilized in mammals, while identifying novel heterogeneity within the hepatocyte, lymphoid, and myeloid lineages. This included polyploid hepatocytes, multiple T cell populations including γδ T cells, and candidate populations of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. A dominant hepatocyte population radically remodeled its transcriptome following infection to activate the acute phase response and other defense functions, while repressing routine functions such as metabolism. These defense-specialized hepatocytes showed strong activation of genes controlling protein synthesis and secretion, presumably to support the release of acute phase proteins into circulation. The infection response further involved up-regulation of numerous genes in an immune-cell specific manner, reflecting functions in pathogen recognition and killing, antigen presentation, phagocytosis, regulation of inflammation, B cell differentiation and T cell activation. Overall, this study greatly enhances our understanding of the multifaceted role played by liver immune and non-immune cells in host defense and metabolic remodeling following infection and provides many novel cell-specific marker genes to empower future studies of this organ in fishes.