Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF
Virioplankton and picoplankton are the most abundant marine biological entities on earth and mediate biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean. However, understanding of their distribution and relationships with environmental factors is lacking. Here, we report on their distribution and relationsh...
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2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_1_Distributions_and_relationships_of_virio-_and_picoplankton_in_the_epi-_meso-_and_bathypelagic_zones_of_the_Amundsen_Sea_West_Antarctica_during_the_austral_summer_PDF/20381508 |
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/20381508 2023-05-15T13:23:36+02:00 Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF Meiaoxue Han Guangfu Luo Jianfeng He Yantao Liang Xuechao Chen Gang Liu Yue Su Fuyue Ge Hao Yu Jun Zhao Qiang Hao Hongbing Shao Yeong Yik Sung Wen Jye Mok Li Lian Wong Andrew McMinn Min Wang 2022-07-27T05:00:40Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_1_Distributions_and_relationships_of_virio-_and_picoplankton_in_the_epi-_meso-_and_bathypelagic_zones_of_the_Amundsen_Sea_West_Antarctica_during_the_austral_summer_PDF/20381508 unknown doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_1_Distributions_and_relationships_of_virio-_and_picoplankton_in_the_epi-_meso-_and_bathypelagic_zones_of_the_Amundsen_Sea_West_Antarctica_during_the_austral_summer_PDF/20381508 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology polynya deep sea picoplankton virioplankton Amundsen Sea upwelling Image Figure 2022 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323.s001 2022-07-27T23:03:53Z Virioplankton and picoplankton are the most abundant marine biological entities on earth and mediate biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean. However, understanding of their distribution and relationships with environmental factors is lacking. Here, we report on their distribution and relationships with environmental factors at 48 stations from 112.5° to 150°W and 67° to 75.5°S in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica. The epipelagic stations were grouped into four clusters based on the virio- and picoplankton composition and abundance. Clusters three and four, which were associated with the ice-edge blooms in the coastal and Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) areas, had high abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes; this resulted in subsequent high abundances of heterotrophic prokaryotes and viruses. Cluster two stations were in open oceanic areas, where the abundances of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton were low. Cluster one stations were located between the areas of blooms and the oceanic areas, which had a low abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes and a high abundance of virioplankton. The abundance of viruses was significantly correlated with the abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes and Chl-a concentration in oceanic areas, although this reflected a time-lag with autotrophic picoeukaryote and heterotrophic prokaryotes abundances in ice-edge bloom areas. The upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) might have induced the high abundance of autotrophic picoeukaryotes in the epipelagic zone, and the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) might have induced the high abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and virioplankton in the meso- and bathypelagic zones. This study shows that the summer distribution of virio- and picoplankton in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica was mainly controlled by upwelling of the CDW and the timing of ice-edge blooms. Still Image Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean West Antarctica Frontiers: Figshare Southern Ocean Austral West Antarctica Amundsen Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology polynya deep sea picoplankton virioplankton Amundsen Sea upwelling |
spellingShingle |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology polynya deep sea picoplankton virioplankton Amundsen Sea upwelling Meiaoxue Han Guangfu Luo Jianfeng He Yantao Liang Xuechao Chen Gang Liu Yue Su Fuyue Ge Hao Yu Jun Zhao Qiang Hao Hongbing Shao Yeong Yik Sung Wen Jye Mok Li Lian Wong Andrew McMinn Min Wang Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF |
topic_facet |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology polynya deep sea picoplankton virioplankton Amundsen Sea upwelling |
description |
Virioplankton and picoplankton are the most abundant marine biological entities on earth and mediate biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean. However, understanding of their distribution and relationships with environmental factors is lacking. Here, we report on their distribution and relationships with environmental factors at 48 stations from 112.5° to 150°W and 67° to 75.5°S in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica. The epipelagic stations were grouped into four clusters based on the virio- and picoplankton composition and abundance. Clusters three and four, which were associated with the ice-edge blooms in the coastal and Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) areas, had high abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes; this resulted in subsequent high abundances of heterotrophic prokaryotes and viruses. Cluster two stations were in open oceanic areas, where the abundances of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton were low. Cluster one stations were located between the areas of blooms and the oceanic areas, which had a low abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes and a high abundance of virioplankton. The abundance of viruses was significantly correlated with the abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes and Chl-a concentration in oceanic areas, although this reflected a time-lag with autotrophic picoeukaryote and heterotrophic prokaryotes abundances in ice-edge bloom areas. The upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) might have induced the high abundance of autotrophic picoeukaryotes in the epipelagic zone, and the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) might have induced the high abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and virioplankton in the meso- and bathypelagic zones. This study shows that the summer distribution of virio- and picoplankton in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica was mainly controlled by upwelling of the CDW and the timing of ice-edge blooms. |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Meiaoxue Han Guangfu Luo Jianfeng He Yantao Liang Xuechao Chen Gang Liu Yue Su Fuyue Ge Hao Yu Jun Zhao Qiang Hao Hongbing Shao Yeong Yik Sung Wen Jye Mok Li Lian Wong Andrew McMinn Min Wang |
author_facet |
Meiaoxue Han Guangfu Luo Jianfeng He Yantao Liang Xuechao Chen Gang Liu Yue Su Fuyue Ge Hao Yu Jun Zhao Qiang Hao Hongbing Shao Yeong Yik Sung Wen Jye Mok Li Lian Wong Andrew McMinn Min Wang |
author_sort |
Meiaoxue Han |
title |
Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF |
title_short |
Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF |
title_full |
Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF |
title_fullStr |
Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_1_Distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica during the austral summer.PDF |
title_sort |
image_1_distributions and relationships of virio- and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the amundsen sea, west antarctica during the austral summer.pdf |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_1_Distributions_and_relationships_of_virio-_and_picoplankton_in_the_epi-_meso-_and_bathypelagic_zones_of_the_Amundsen_Sea_West_Antarctica_during_the_austral_summer_PDF/20381508 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Austral West Antarctica Amundsen Sea |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Austral West Antarctica Amundsen Sea |
genre |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean West Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Amundsen Sea Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean West Antarctica |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_1_Distributions_and_relationships_of_virio-_and_picoplankton_in_the_epi-_meso-_and_bathypelagic_zones_of_the_Amundsen_Sea_West_Antarctica_during_the_austral_summer_PDF/20381508 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323.s001 |
_version_ |
1766373523622723584 |