DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx
The water cycle of the Baltic Sea has been estimated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the GRACE Follow-On satellite time-variable gravity measurements, and precipitation and evaporation from ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data for the periods 06/2002 to 06/2017 and 06/2018 t...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/19751296 2023-05-15T17:36:20+02:00 DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx Ahmed Kamel Boulahia David García-García M. Isabel Vigo Mario Trottini Juan-Manuel Sayol 2022-05-12T04:29:56Z https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.879148.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet1_The_Water_Cycle_of_the_Baltic_Sea_Region_From_GRACE_GRACE-FO_Missions_and_ERA5_Data_docx/19751296 unknown doi:10.3389/feart.2022.879148.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet1_The_Water_Cycle_of_the_Baltic_Sea_Region_From_GRACE_GRACE-FO_Missions_and_ERA5_Data_docx/19751296 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Solid Earth Sciences Climate Science Atmospheric Sciences not elsewhere classified Exploration Geochemistry Inorganic Geochemistry Isotope Geochemistry Organic Geochemistry Geochemistry not elsewhere classified Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Ore Deposit Petrology Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) Structural Geology Tectonics Volcanology Geology not elsewhere classified Seismology and Seismic Exploration Glaciology Hydrogeology Natural Hazards Quaternary Environments Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change Baltic Sea water cycle water transport runoff Skagerrak–Kattegat Danish straits Dataset 2022 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.879148.s001 2022-05-18T23:14:03Z The water cycle of the Baltic Sea has been estimated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the GRACE Follow-On satellite time-variable gravity measurements, and precipitation and evaporation from ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data for the periods 06/2002 to 06/2017 and 06/2018 to 11/2021. On average, the Baltic Sea evaporates 199 ± 3 km 3 /year, which is overcompensated with 256 ± 6 km 3 /year of precipitation and 476 ± 17 km 3 /year of water from land. This surplus of freshwater inflow produces a salty water net outflow from the Baltic Sea of 515 ± 27 km 3 /year, which increases to 668 ± 32 km 3 /year when the Kattegat and Skagerrak straits are included. In general, the balance among the fluxes is not reached instantaneously, and all of them present seasonal variability. The Baltic net outflow reaches an annual minimum of 221 ± 79 km 3 /year in September and a maximum of 814 ± 94 km 3 /year in May, mainly driven by the freshwater contribution from land. On the interannual scale, the annual mean of the Baltic net outflow can vary up to 470 km 3 /year from year to year. This variability is not directly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation during wintertime, although the latter is well correlated with net precipitation in both continental drainage basins and the Baltic Sea. Dataset North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Frontiers: Figshare Kattegat ENVELOPE(9.692,9.692,63.563,63.563) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Solid Earth Sciences Climate Science Atmospheric Sciences not elsewhere classified Exploration Geochemistry Inorganic Geochemistry Isotope Geochemistry Organic Geochemistry Geochemistry not elsewhere classified Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Ore Deposit Petrology Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) Structural Geology Tectonics Volcanology Geology not elsewhere classified Seismology and Seismic Exploration Glaciology Hydrogeology Natural Hazards Quaternary Environments Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change Baltic Sea water cycle water transport runoff Skagerrak–Kattegat Danish straits |
spellingShingle |
Solid Earth Sciences Climate Science Atmospheric Sciences not elsewhere classified Exploration Geochemistry Inorganic Geochemistry Isotope Geochemistry Organic Geochemistry Geochemistry not elsewhere classified Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Ore Deposit Petrology Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) Structural Geology Tectonics Volcanology Geology not elsewhere classified Seismology and Seismic Exploration Glaciology Hydrogeology Natural Hazards Quaternary Environments Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change Baltic Sea water cycle water transport runoff Skagerrak–Kattegat Danish straits Ahmed Kamel Boulahia David García-García M. Isabel Vigo Mario Trottini Juan-Manuel Sayol DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx |
topic_facet |
Solid Earth Sciences Climate Science Atmospheric Sciences not elsewhere classified Exploration Geochemistry Inorganic Geochemistry Isotope Geochemistry Organic Geochemistry Geochemistry not elsewhere classified Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Ore Deposit Petrology Palaeontology (incl. Palynology) Structural Geology Tectonics Volcanology Geology not elsewhere classified Seismology and Seismic Exploration Glaciology Hydrogeology Natural Hazards Quaternary Environments Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change Baltic Sea water cycle water transport runoff Skagerrak–Kattegat Danish straits |
description |
The water cycle of the Baltic Sea has been estimated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the GRACE Follow-On satellite time-variable gravity measurements, and precipitation and evaporation from ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis data for the periods 06/2002 to 06/2017 and 06/2018 to 11/2021. On average, the Baltic Sea evaporates 199 ± 3 km 3 /year, which is overcompensated with 256 ± 6 km 3 /year of precipitation and 476 ± 17 km 3 /year of water from land. This surplus of freshwater inflow produces a salty water net outflow from the Baltic Sea of 515 ± 27 km 3 /year, which increases to 668 ± 32 km 3 /year when the Kattegat and Skagerrak straits are included. In general, the balance among the fluxes is not reached instantaneously, and all of them present seasonal variability. The Baltic net outflow reaches an annual minimum of 221 ± 79 km 3 /year in September and a maximum of 814 ± 94 km 3 /year in May, mainly driven by the freshwater contribution from land. On the interannual scale, the annual mean of the Baltic net outflow can vary up to 470 km 3 /year from year to year. This variability is not directly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation during wintertime, although the latter is well correlated with net precipitation in both continental drainage basins and the Baltic Sea. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Ahmed Kamel Boulahia David García-García M. Isabel Vigo Mario Trottini Juan-Manuel Sayol |
author_facet |
Ahmed Kamel Boulahia David García-García M. Isabel Vigo Mario Trottini Juan-Manuel Sayol |
author_sort |
Ahmed Kamel Boulahia |
title |
DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx |
title_short |
DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx |
title_full |
DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx |
title_fullStr |
DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx |
title_full_unstemmed |
DataSheet1_The Water Cycle of the Baltic Sea Region From GRACE/GRACE-FO Missions and ERA5 Data.docx |
title_sort |
datasheet1_the water cycle of the baltic sea region from grace/grace-fo missions and era5 data.docx |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.879148.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet1_The_Water_Cycle_of_the_Baltic_Sea_Region_From_GRACE_GRACE-FO_Missions_and_ERA5_Data_docx/19751296 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(9.692,9.692,63.563,63.563) |
geographic |
Kattegat |
geographic_facet |
Kattegat |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/feart.2022.879148.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet1_The_Water_Cycle_of_the_Baltic_Sea_Region_From_GRACE_GRACE-FO_Missions_and_ERA5_Data_docx/19751296 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.879148.s001 |
_version_ |
1766135786100490240 |