Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF
Humans pose a major mortality risk to wolves. Hence, similar to how prey respond to predators, wolves can be expected to show anti-predator responses to humans. When exposed to a threat, animals may show a fight, flight, freeze or hide response. The type of response and the circumstances (e.g., dist...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/19523410 2023-05-15T15:51:18+02:00 Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF Erik Versluijs Ane Eriksen Boris Fuchs Camilla Wikenros Håkan Sand Petter Wabakken Barbara Zimmermann 2022-04-06T04:44:52Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.792916.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_1_Wolf_Responses_to_Experimental_Human_Approaches_Using_High-Resolution_Positioning_Data_PDF/19523410 unknown doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.792916.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_1_Wolf_Responses_to_Experimental_Human_Approaches_Using_High-Resolution_Positioning_Data_PDF/19523410 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Evolutionary Biology Ecology Invasive Species Ecology Landscape Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Behavioural Ecology Community Ecology (excl. Invasive Species Ecology) Ecological Physiology Freshwater Ecology Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) Population Ecology Terrestrial Ecology experimental human disturbances flight responses Canis lupus animal behavior flight initiation distance Text Presentation 2022 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.792916.s001 2022-04-06T23:03:22Z Humans pose a major mortality risk to wolves. Hence, similar to how prey respond to predators, wolves can be expected to show anti-predator responses to humans. When exposed to a threat, animals may show a fight, flight, freeze or hide response. The type of response and the circumstances (e.g., distance and speed) at which the animal flees are useful parameters to describe the responses of wild animals to approaching humans. Increasing knowledge about behavioral responses of wolves toward humans might improve appropriate management and decrease conflicts related to fear of wolves. We did a pilot study by conducting 21 approach trials on seven GPS-collared wolves in four territories to investigate their responses to experimental human approaches. We found that wolves predominantly showed a flight response (N = 18), in a few cases the wolf did not flee (N = 3), but no wolves were seen or heard during trials. When wolves were downwind of the observer the flight initiation distance was significantly larger than when upwind, consistent with the hypothesis that conditions facilitating early detection would result in an earlier flight. Our hypothesis that early detection would result in less intense flights was not supported, as we found no correlation between flight initiation distances and speed, distance or straightness of the flight. Wolves in more concealed habitat had a shorter flight initiation distance or did not flee at all, suggesting that perceived risk might have been affected by horizontal visibility. Contrary to our expectation, resettling positions were less concealed (larger horizontal visibility) than the wolves’ initial site. Although our small number of study animals and trials does not allow for generalizations, this pilot study illustrates how standardized human approach trials with high-resolution GPS-data can be used to describe wolf responses at a local scale. In continuation, this method can be applied at larger spatial scales to compare wolf flight responses within and between populations and ... Conference Object Canis lupus Frontiers: Figshare |
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Frontiers: Figshare |
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unknown |
topic |
Evolutionary Biology Ecology Invasive Species Ecology Landscape Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Behavioural Ecology Community Ecology (excl. Invasive Species Ecology) Ecological Physiology Freshwater Ecology Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) Population Ecology Terrestrial Ecology experimental human disturbances flight responses Canis lupus animal behavior flight initiation distance |
spellingShingle |
Evolutionary Biology Ecology Invasive Species Ecology Landscape Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Behavioural Ecology Community Ecology (excl. Invasive Species Ecology) Ecological Physiology Freshwater Ecology Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) Population Ecology Terrestrial Ecology experimental human disturbances flight responses Canis lupus animal behavior flight initiation distance Erik Versluijs Ane Eriksen Boris Fuchs Camilla Wikenros Håkan Sand Petter Wabakken Barbara Zimmermann Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF |
topic_facet |
Evolutionary Biology Ecology Invasive Species Ecology Landscape Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Behavioural Ecology Community Ecology (excl. Invasive Species Ecology) Ecological Physiology Freshwater Ecology Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) Population Ecology Terrestrial Ecology experimental human disturbances flight responses Canis lupus animal behavior flight initiation distance |
description |
Humans pose a major mortality risk to wolves. Hence, similar to how prey respond to predators, wolves can be expected to show anti-predator responses to humans. When exposed to a threat, animals may show a fight, flight, freeze or hide response. The type of response and the circumstances (e.g., distance and speed) at which the animal flees are useful parameters to describe the responses of wild animals to approaching humans. Increasing knowledge about behavioral responses of wolves toward humans might improve appropriate management and decrease conflicts related to fear of wolves. We did a pilot study by conducting 21 approach trials on seven GPS-collared wolves in four territories to investigate their responses to experimental human approaches. We found that wolves predominantly showed a flight response (N = 18), in a few cases the wolf did not flee (N = 3), but no wolves were seen or heard during trials. When wolves were downwind of the observer the flight initiation distance was significantly larger than when upwind, consistent with the hypothesis that conditions facilitating early detection would result in an earlier flight. Our hypothesis that early detection would result in less intense flights was not supported, as we found no correlation between flight initiation distances and speed, distance or straightness of the flight. Wolves in more concealed habitat had a shorter flight initiation distance or did not flee at all, suggesting that perceived risk might have been affected by horizontal visibility. Contrary to our expectation, resettling positions were less concealed (larger horizontal visibility) than the wolves’ initial site. Although our small number of study animals and trials does not allow for generalizations, this pilot study illustrates how standardized human approach trials with high-resolution GPS-data can be used to describe wolf responses at a local scale. In continuation, this method can be applied at larger spatial scales to compare wolf flight responses within and between populations and ... |
format |
Conference Object |
author |
Erik Versluijs Ane Eriksen Boris Fuchs Camilla Wikenros Håkan Sand Petter Wabakken Barbara Zimmermann |
author_facet |
Erik Versluijs Ane Eriksen Boris Fuchs Camilla Wikenros Håkan Sand Petter Wabakken Barbara Zimmermann |
author_sort |
Erik Versluijs |
title |
Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF |
title_short |
Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF |
title_full |
Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF |
title_fullStr |
Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF |
title_full_unstemmed |
Presentation_1_Wolf Responses to Experimental Human Approaches Using High-Resolution Positioning Data.PDF |
title_sort |
presentation_1_wolf responses to experimental human approaches using high-resolution positioning data.pdf |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.792916.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_1_Wolf_Responses_to_Experimental_Human_Approaches_Using_High-Resolution_Positioning_Data_PDF/19523410 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.792916.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_1_Wolf_Responses_to_Experimental_Human_Approaches_Using_High-Resolution_Positioning_Data_PDF/19523410 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.792916.s001 |
_version_ |
1766386476574048256 |