Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) undergo great alterations in physiology and gut microbiota composition throughout their life stages. This study assessed gut health and microbiota in out-of-season smolts before and after seawater transfer and modulatory effects of functional feed ingredients under c...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.860081.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_4_Gut_Health_and_Microbiota_in_Out-of-Season_Atlantic_Salmon_Salmo_salar_L_Smolts_Before_and_After_Seawater_Transfer_Under_Commercial_Arctic_Conditions_Modulation_by_Functional_Feed_Ingredients_pdf/19430117 |
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/19430117 2023-05-15T14:56:40+02:00 Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf Jie Wang Alexander Jaramillo-Torres Yanxian Li Øyvind Jakobsen Brevik Jan Vidar Jakobsen Trond M. Kortner Åshild Krogdahl 2022-03-28T06:16:09Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.860081.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_4_Gut_Health_and_Microbiota_in_Out-of-Season_Atlantic_Salmon_Salmo_salar_L_Smolts_Before_and_After_Seawater_Transfer_Under_Commercial_Arctic_Conditions_Modulation_by_Functional_Feed_Ingredients_pdf/19430117 unknown doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.860081.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_4_Gut_Health_and_Microbiota_in_Out-of-Season_Atlantic_Salmon_Salmo_salar_L_Smolts_Before_and_After_Seawater_Transfer_Under_Commercial_Arctic_Conditions_Modulation_by_Functional_Feed_Ingredients_pdf/19430117 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Atlantic salmon seawater transfer commercial Arctic conditions gut microbiota gut health functional feed ingredients Image Figure 2022 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.860081.s004 2022-03-30T23:05:12Z Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) undergo great alterations in physiology and gut microbiota composition throughout their life stages. This study assessed gut health and microbiota in out-of-season smolts before and after seawater transfer and modulatory effects of functional feed ingredients under commercial Arctic conditions. The fish were fed two series of diets, one without (Ref diet) and one with a mixture of functional ingredients (Test diet). Both diets varied in nutrient composition as required according to the developmental stage of the fish. For fish in freshwater, the mixture of functional ingredients contained nucleotides and immune stimulants, in seawater nucleotides, DHA, and EPA. Samples were collected four weeks before and four weeks after seawater transfer. Regardless of diet, seawater transfer (seawater compared to freshwater) significantly suppressed fish growth rate, condition factor, plasma nutrient levels, digesta bile acid concentrations, expression of genes related to gut immune functions (i.e., cytokines and T-cell markers), and increased intestinal microbial richness and diversity. Seawater transfer also reduced the symptoms of pyloric caeca lipid malabsorption with a corresponding decreasing effect on perilipin-2 (plin2) expression. In the gut microbiota of fish in freshwater, the unclassified Ruminococcaceae family dominated strongly, accounting for about 85% of the total abundance, whereas in seawater the genera Lactobacillus and Photobacterium were the dominant taxa, accounting for about 90% of the total abundance. Multivariate association analysis showed that relative abundance of certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) correlated positively with expression of important immune genes. Regarding the effects of functional feed ingredients, Test-fed fish in FW showed higher plasma cholesterol levels, and reduced symptoms of lipid malabsorption, suggesting that the mixture of nucleotides and immune stimulants enhanced digestive and absorptive capacity. However, the inclusion of nucleotides, ... Still Image Arctic Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Frontiers: Figshare Arctic |
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Open Polar |
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Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Atlantic salmon seawater transfer commercial Arctic conditions gut microbiota gut health functional feed ingredients |
spellingShingle |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Atlantic salmon seawater transfer commercial Arctic conditions gut microbiota gut health functional feed ingredients Jie Wang Alexander Jaramillo-Torres Yanxian Li Øyvind Jakobsen Brevik Jan Vidar Jakobsen Trond M. Kortner Åshild Krogdahl Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf |
topic_facet |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Atlantic salmon seawater transfer commercial Arctic conditions gut microbiota gut health functional feed ingredients |
description |
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) undergo great alterations in physiology and gut microbiota composition throughout their life stages. This study assessed gut health and microbiota in out-of-season smolts before and after seawater transfer and modulatory effects of functional feed ingredients under commercial Arctic conditions. The fish were fed two series of diets, one without (Ref diet) and one with a mixture of functional ingredients (Test diet). Both diets varied in nutrient composition as required according to the developmental stage of the fish. For fish in freshwater, the mixture of functional ingredients contained nucleotides and immune stimulants, in seawater nucleotides, DHA, and EPA. Samples were collected four weeks before and four weeks after seawater transfer. Regardless of diet, seawater transfer (seawater compared to freshwater) significantly suppressed fish growth rate, condition factor, plasma nutrient levels, digesta bile acid concentrations, expression of genes related to gut immune functions (i.e., cytokines and T-cell markers), and increased intestinal microbial richness and diversity. Seawater transfer also reduced the symptoms of pyloric caeca lipid malabsorption with a corresponding decreasing effect on perilipin-2 (plin2) expression. In the gut microbiota of fish in freshwater, the unclassified Ruminococcaceae family dominated strongly, accounting for about 85% of the total abundance, whereas in seawater the genera Lactobacillus and Photobacterium were the dominant taxa, accounting for about 90% of the total abundance. Multivariate association analysis showed that relative abundance of certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) correlated positively with expression of important immune genes. Regarding the effects of functional feed ingredients, Test-fed fish in FW showed higher plasma cholesterol levels, and reduced symptoms of lipid malabsorption, suggesting that the mixture of nucleotides and immune stimulants enhanced digestive and absorptive capacity. However, the inclusion of nucleotides, ... |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Jie Wang Alexander Jaramillo-Torres Yanxian Li Øyvind Jakobsen Brevik Jan Vidar Jakobsen Trond M. Kortner Åshild Krogdahl |
author_facet |
Jie Wang Alexander Jaramillo-Torres Yanxian Li Øyvind Jakobsen Brevik Jan Vidar Jakobsen Trond M. Kortner Åshild Krogdahl |
author_sort |
Jie Wang |
title |
Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf |
title_short |
Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf |
title_full |
Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf |
title_fullStr |
Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_4_Gut Health and Microbiota in Out-of-Season Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Smolts Before and After Seawater Transfer Under Commercial Arctic Conditions: Modulation by Functional Feed Ingredients.pdf |
title_sort |
image_4_gut health and microbiota in out-of-season atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) smolts before and after seawater transfer under commercial arctic conditions: modulation by functional feed ingredients.pdf |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.860081.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_4_Gut_Health_and_Microbiota_in_Out-of-Season_Atlantic_Salmon_Salmo_salar_L_Smolts_Before_and_After_Seawater_Transfer_Under_Commercial_Arctic_Conditions_Modulation_by_Functional_Feed_Ingredients_pdf/19430117 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Arctic Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.860081.s004 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_4_Gut_Health_and_Microbiota_in_Out-of-Season_Atlantic_Salmon_Salmo_salar_L_Smolts_Before_and_After_Seawater_Transfer_Under_Commercial_Arctic_Conditions_Modulation_by_Functional_Feed_Ingredients_pdf/19430117 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.860081.s004 |
_version_ |
1766328763302281216 |