Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG
Atmospheric responses to ocean surface temperature (ST) fronts related to western boundary currents have been extensively analyzed over the last two decades. However, the organized near-surface response to ST, which is defined as the temperature of open water and sea ice, excluding land surface, at...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/15050940 2023-05-15T15:43:18+02:00 Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG Yoshimi Kawai 2021-07-26T04:35:47Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.598981.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Low-Level_Atmospheric_Responses_to_the_Sea_Surface_Temperature_Fronts_in_the_Chukchi_and_Bering_Seas_JPEG/15050940 unknown doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.598981.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Low-Level_Atmospheric_Responses_to_the_Sea_Surface_Temperature_Fronts_in_the_Chukchi_and_Bering_Seas_JPEG/15050940 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Bering Sea Chukchi Sea air-sea interaction pressure adjustment vertical mixing sea surface temperature sea ice Climate Forecast System Reanalysis Image Figure 2021 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.598981.s002 2021-07-28T23:00:45Z Atmospheric responses to ocean surface temperature (ST) fronts related to western boundary currents have been extensively analyzed over the last two decades. However, the organized near-surface response to ST, which is defined as the temperature of open water and sea ice, excluding land surface, at higher latitudes where sea ice exists has been rarely investigated due to the difficulties of observations. Here, 32 years of high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis data are analyzed to determine the atmospheric responses to ST fronts in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. In the Chukchi Sea, the convergence of 10-m-high wind increases in October and November, when the horizontal gradient and Laplacian of ST become noticeable. On the other hand, an ST contrast between the continental shelf and the southwestern deep basin develops in winter in the Bering Sea. In both seas, the spatial distribution of surface wind convergence and the Laplacians of ST and sea level pressure agree well with each other, demonstrating the pressure adjustment mechanism. The vertical mixing mechanism is also confirmed in both seas. Ascending motion and diabatic heating develop over the Chukchi Sea in late autumn, but are confined to the lower troposphere. Turbulent heat fluxes at the surface become especially large in this season, resulting in an increase of diabatic heating and low-level clouds. Low-level clouds and downward shortwave radiation exhibit contrasting behavior across the shelf break in the Bering Sea that corresponds to the ST distribution, which is regulated by the bottom topography. Still Image Bering Sea Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice Frontiers: Figshare Bering Sea Chukchi Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Bering Sea Chukchi Sea air-sea interaction pressure adjustment vertical mixing sea surface temperature sea ice Climate Forecast System Reanalysis |
spellingShingle |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Bering Sea Chukchi Sea air-sea interaction pressure adjustment vertical mixing sea surface temperature sea ice Climate Forecast System Reanalysis Yoshimi Kawai Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG |
topic_facet |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Bering Sea Chukchi Sea air-sea interaction pressure adjustment vertical mixing sea surface temperature sea ice Climate Forecast System Reanalysis |
description |
Atmospheric responses to ocean surface temperature (ST) fronts related to western boundary currents have been extensively analyzed over the last two decades. However, the organized near-surface response to ST, which is defined as the temperature of open water and sea ice, excluding land surface, at higher latitudes where sea ice exists has been rarely investigated due to the difficulties of observations. Here, 32 years of high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis data are analyzed to determine the atmospheric responses to ST fronts in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea. In the Chukchi Sea, the convergence of 10-m-high wind increases in October and November, when the horizontal gradient and Laplacian of ST become noticeable. On the other hand, an ST contrast between the continental shelf and the southwestern deep basin develops in winter in the Bering Sea. In both seas, the spatial distribution of surface wind convergence and the Laplacians of ST and sea level pressure agree well with each other, demonstrating the pressure adjustment mechanism. The vertical mixing mechanism is also confirmed in both seas. Ascending motion and diabatic heating develop over the Chukchi Sea in late autumn, but are confined to the lower troposphere. Turbulent heat fluxes at the surface become especially large in this season, resulting in an increase of diabatic heating and low-level clouds. Low-level clouds and downward shortwave radiation exhibit contrasting behavior across the shelf break in the Bering Sea that corresponds to the ST distribution, which is regulated by the bottom topography. |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Yoshimi Kawai |
author_facet |
Yoshimi Kawai |
author_sort |
Yoshimi Kawai |
title |
Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG |
title_short |
Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG |
title_full |
Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG |
title_fullStr |
Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_2_Low-Level Atmospheric Responses to the Sea Surface Temperature Fronts in the Chukchi and Bering Seas.JPEG |
title_sort |
image_2_low-level atmospheric responses to the sea surface temperature fronts in the chukchi and bering seas.jpeg |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.598981.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Low-Level_Atmospheric_Responses_to_the_Sea_Surface_Temperature_Fronts_in_the_Chukchi_and_Bering_Seas_JPEG/15050940 |
geographic |
Bering Sea Chukchi Sea |
geographic_facet |
Bering Sea Chukchi Sea |
genre |
Bering Sea Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Bering Sea Chukchi Chukchi Sea Sea ice |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.598981.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_2_Low-Level_Atmospheric_Responses_to_the_Sea_Surface_Temperature_Fronts_in_the_Chukchi_and_Bering_Seas_JPEG/15050940 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.598981.s002 |
_version_ |
1766377359901982720 |