Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF
Subzero hypersaline brines are liquid microbial habitats within otherwise frozen environments, where concentrated dissolved salts prevent freezing. Such extreme conditions presumably require unique microbial adaptations, and possibly altered ecologies, but specific strategies remain largely unknown....
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/15034200 2023-05-15T15:11:54+02:00 Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF Josephine Z. Rapp Matthew B. Sullivan Jody W. Deming 2021-07-22T05:28:35Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_Divergent_Genomic_Adaptations_in_the_Microbiomes_of_Arctic_Subzero_Sea-Ice_and_Cryopeg_Brines_PDF/15034200 unknown doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_Divergent_Genomic_Adaptations_in_the_Microbiomes_of_Arctic_Subzero_Sea-Ice_and_Cryopeg_Brines_PDF/15034200 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology cryopeg sea ice metagenomics metatranscriptomics hypersalinity subzero temperature cryosphere Dataset 2021 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186.s001 2021-07-28T23:02:41Z Subzero hypersaline brines are liquid microbial habitats within otherwise frozen environments, where concentrated dissolved salts prevent freezing. Such extreme conditions presumably require unique microbial adaptations, and possibly altered ecologies, but specific strategies remain largely unknown. Here we examined prokaryotic taxonomic and functional diversity in two seawater-derived subzero hypersaline brines: first-year sea ice, subject to seasonally fluctuating conditions; and ancient cryopeg, under relatively stable conditions geophysically isolated in permafrost. Overall, both taxonomic composition and functional potential were starkly different. Taxonomically, sea-ice brine communities (∼10 5 cells mL –1 ) had greater richness, more diversity and were dominated by bacterial genera, including Polaribacter, Paraglaciecola, Colwellia, and Glaciecola, whereas the more densely inhabited cryopeg brines (∼10 8 cells mL –1 ) lacked these genera and instead were dominated by Marinobacter. Functionally, however, sea ice encoded fewer accessory traits and lower average genomic copy numbers for shared traits, though DNA replication and repair were elevated; in contrast, microbes in cryopeg brines had greater genetic versatility with elevated abundances of accessory traits involved in sensing, responding to environmental cues, transport, mobile elements (transposases and plasmids), toxin-antitoxin systems, and type VI secretion systems. Together these genomic features suggest adaptations and capabilities of sea-ice communities manifesting at the community level through seasonal ecological succession, whereas the denser cryopeg communities appear adapted to intense bacterial competition, leaving fewer genera to dominate with brine-specific adaptations and social interactions that sacrifice some members for the benefit of others. Such cryopeg genomic traits provide insight into how long-term environmental stability may enable life to survive extreme conditions. Dataset Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice Frontiers: Figshare Arctic |
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Open Polar |
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Frontiers: Figshare |
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ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology cryopeg sea ice metagenomics metatranscriptomics hypersalinity subzero temperature cryosphere |
spellingShingle |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology cryopeg sea ice metagenomics metatranscriptomics hypersalinity subzero temperature cryosphere Josephine Z. Rapp Matthew B. Sullivan Jody W. Deming Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF |
topic_facet |
Microbiology Microbial Genetics Microbial Ecology Mycology cryopeg sea ice metagenomics metatranscriptomics hypersalinity subzero temperature cryosphere |
description |
Subzero hypersaline brines are liquid microbial habitats within otherwise frozen environments, where concentrated dissolved salts prevent freezing. Such extreme conditions presumably require unique microbial adaptations, and possibly altered ecologies, but specific strategies remain largely unknown. Here we examined prokaryotic taxonomic and functional diversity in two seawater-derived subzero hypersaline brines: first-year sea ice, subject to seasonally fluctuating conditions; and ancient cryopeg, under relatively stable conditions geophysically isolated in permafrost. Overall, both taxonomic composition and functional potential were starkly different. Taxonomically, sea-ice brine communities (∼10 5 cells mL –1 ) had greater richness, more diversity and were dominated by bacterial genera, including Polaribacter, Paraglaciecola, Colwellia, and Glaciecola, whereas the more densely inhabited cryopeg brines (∼10 8 cells mL –1 ) lacked these genera and instead were dominated by Marinobacter. Functionally, however, sea ice encoded fewer accessory traits and lower average genomic copy numbers for shared traits, though DNA replication and repair were elevated; in contrast, microbes in cryopeg brines had greater genetic versatility with elevated abundances of accessory traits involved in sensing, responding to environmental cues, transport, mobile elements (transposases and plasmids), toxin-antitoxin systems, and type VI secretion systems. Together these genomic features suggest adaptations and capabilities of sea-ice communities manifesting at the community level through seasonal ecological succession, whereas the denser cryopeg communities appear adapted to intense bacterial competition, leaving fewer genera to dominate with brine-specific adaptations and social interactions that sacrifice some members for the benefit of others. Such cryopeg genomic traits provide insight into how long-term environmental stability may enable life to survive extreme conditions. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Josephine Z. Rapp Matthew B. Sullivan Jody W. Deming |
author_facet |
Josephine Z. Rapp Matthew B. Sullivan Jody W. Deming |
author_sort |
Josephine Z. Rapp |
title |
Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF |
title_short |
Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF |
title_full |
Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF |
title_fullStr |
Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF |
title_full_unstemmed |
Data_Sheet_1_Divergent Genomic Adaptations in the Microbiomes of Arctic Subzero Sea-Ice and Cryopeg Brines.PDF |
title_sort |
data_sheet_1_divergent genomic adaptations in the microbiomes of arctic subzero sea-ice and cryopeg brines.pdf |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_Divergent_Genomic_Adaptations_in_the_Microbiomes_of_Arctic_Subzero_Sea-Ice_and_Cryopeg_Brines_PDF/15034200 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186.s001 https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Data_Sheet_1_Divergent_Genomic_Adaptations_in_the_Microbiomes_of_Arctic_Subzero_Sea-Ice_and_Cryopeg_Brines_PDF/15034200 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.701186.s001 |
_version_ |
1766342686212620288 |