Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf
Time series collected from 2004 to 2020 at an oceanographic station located at the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar to monitor the Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic have been used to give some insights on changes that have been taking place in the Mediterranean basin. Velocity...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/14177990 2023-05-15T17:35:51+02:00 Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf Jesús García-Lafuente Simone Sammartino I. Emma Huertas Susana Flecha Ricardo F. Sánchez-Leal Cristina Naranjo Irene Nadal María Jesús Bellanco 2021-03-08T05:21:47Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_2_Hotter_and_Weaker_Mediterranean_Outflow_as_a_Response_to_Basin-Wide_Alterations_pdf/14177990 unknown doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.613444.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_2_Hotter_and_Weaker_Mediterranean_Outflow_as_a_Response_to_Basin-Wide_Alterations_pdf/14177990 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow temperature trends buoyancy fluxes salinity trends pH trends Text Presentation 2021 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444.s002 2021-03-10T23:58:36Z Time series collected from 2004 to 2020 at an oceanographic station located at the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar to monitor the Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic have been used to give some insights on changes that have been taking place in the Mediterranean basin. Velocity data indicate that the exchange through the Strait is submaximal (that is, greater values of the exchanged flows are possible) with a mean value of −0.847 ± 0.129 Sv and a slight trend to decrease in magnitude (+0.017 ± 0.003 Sv decade −1 ). Submaximal exchange promotes footprints in the Mediterranean outflow with little or no-time delay with regards to changes occurring in the basin. An astonishing warming trend of 0.339 ± 0.008°C decade −1 in the deepest layer of the outflow from 2013 onwards stands out among these changes, a trend that is an order of magnitude greater than any other reported so far in the water masses of the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemical (pH) data display a negative trend indicating a gradual acidification of the outflow in the monitoring station. Data analysis suggests that these trends are compatible with a progressively larger participation of Levantine Intermediate Water (slightly warmer and characterized by a pH lower than that of Western Mediterranean Deep Water) in the outflow. Such interpretation is supported by climatic data analysis that indicate diminished buoyancy fluxes to the atmosphere during the seven last years of the analyzed series, which in turn would have reduced the rate of formation of Western Mediterranean Deep Water. The flow through the Strait has echoed this fact in a situation of submaximal exchange and, ultimately, reflects it in the shocking temperature trend recorded at the monitoring station. Conference Object North Atlantic Frontiers: Figshare |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow temperature trends buoyancy fluxes salinity trends pH trends |
spellingShingle |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow temperature trends buoyancy fluxes salinity trends pH trends Jesús García-Lafuente Simone Sammartino I. Emma Huertas Susana Flecha Ricardo F. Sánchez-Leal Cristina Naranjo Irene Nadal María Jesús Bellanco Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf |
topic_facet |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering Strait of Gibraltar Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean outflow temperature trends buoyancy fluxes salinity trends pH trends |
description |
Time series collected from 2004 to 2020 at an oceanographic station located at the westernmost sill of the Strait of Gibraltar to monitor the Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic have been used to give some insights on changes that have been taking place in the Mediterranean basin. Velocity data indicate that the exchange through the Strait is submaximal (that is, greater values of the exchanged flows are possible) with a mean value of −0.847 ± 0.129 Sv and a slight trend to decrease in magnitude (+0.017 ± 0.003 Sv decade −1 ). Submaximal exchange promotes footprints in the Mediterranean outflow with little or no-time delay with regards to changes occurring in the basin. An astonishing warming trend of 0.339 ± 0.008°C decade −1 in the deepest layer of the outflow from 2013 onwards stands out among these changes, a trend that is an order of magnitude greater than any other reported so far in the water masses of the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemical (pH) data display a negative trend indicating a gradual acidification of the outflow in the monitoring station. Data analysis suggests that these trends are compatible with a progressively larger participation of Levantine Intermediate Water (slightly warmer and characterized by a pH lower than that of Western Mediterranean Deep Water) in the outflow. Such interpretation is supported by climatic data analysis that indicate diminished buoyancy fluxes to the atmosphere during the seven last years of the analyzed series, which in turn would have reduced the rate of formation of Western Mediterranean Deep Water. The flow through the Strait has echoed this fact in a situation of submaximal exchange and, ultimately, reflects it in the shocking temperature trend recorded at the monitoring station. |
format |
Conference Object |
author |
Jesús García-Lafuente Simone Sammartino I. Emma Huertas Susana Flecha Ricardo F. Sánchez-Leal Cristina Naranjo Irene Nadal María Jesús Bellanco |
author_facet |
Jesús García-Lafuente Simone Sammartino I. Emma Huertas Susana Flecha Ricardo F. Sánchez-Leal Cristina Naranjo Irene Nadal María Jesús Bellanco |
author_sort |
Jesús García-Lafuente |
title |
Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf |
title_short |
Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf |
title_full |
Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf |
title_fullStr |
Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf |
title_full_unstemmed |
Presentation_2_Hotter and Weaker Mediterranean Outflow as a Response to Basin-Wide Alterations.pdf |
title_sort |
presentation_2_hotter and weaker mediterranean outflow as a response to basin-wide alterations.pdf |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_2_Hotter_and_Weaker_Mediterranean_Outflow_as_a_Response_to_Basin-Wide_Alterations_pdf/14177990 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.613444.s002 https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Presentation_2_Hotter_and_Weaker_Mediterranean_Outflow_as_a_Response_to_Basin-Wide_Alterations_pdf/14177990 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613444.s002 |
_version_ |
1766135149038141440 |