Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf
Optical instruments can rapidly determine numbers and characteristics of water column particles with high sensitivity. Here we show the usefulness of optically assessed total particle volume below the main pycnocline to estimate carbon export in two systems: the open subarctic North Atlantic and the...
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ftfrontimediafig:oai:figshare.com:article/11414136 2023-05-15T14:00:43+02:00 Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf Alexander B. Bochdansky Robert B. Dunbar Dennis A. Hansell Gerhard J. Herndl 2019-12-20T04:05:55Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00778.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Estimating_Carbon_Flux_From_Optically_Recording_Total_Particle_Volume_at_Depths_Below_the_Primary_Pycnocline_pdf/11414136 unknown doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00778.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Estimating_Carbon_Flux_From_Optically_Recording_Total_Particle_Volume_at_Depths_Below_the_Primary_Pycnocline_pdf/11414136 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biological pump particle flux Antarctica Atlantic carbon export Image Figure 2019 ftfrontimediafig https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00778.s003 2019-12-25T23:50:56Z Optical instruments can rapidly determine numbers and characteristics of water column particles with high sensitivity. Here we show the usefulness of optically assessed total particle volume below the main pycnocline to estimate carbon export in two systems: the open subarctic North Atlantic and the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Both regions exhibit seasonally high phytoplankton production and efficient export (i.e., a strong biological pump). Total particle volumes in the mesopelagic (200–300 m) were significantly correlated with those in the overlying surface mixed layer (50–60 m), indicating that most particles at depth reflect export from the surface. This connectivity, however, is modulated by the physical structure of the water column and by particle type (e.g., the presence of colonies of the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica versus diatoms). Evidence from both regions show that a strong pycnocline can delay or may even prevent particles from settling to deeper layers, which then succumb to disintegration, and microbial and zooplankton consumption. Strong katabatic winds in the Ross Sea may deepen the mixed layer, causing a rapid transfer of particles to mesopelagic depths through the mixed-layer pump. Independent estimates of seasonally integrated export production in the Ross Sea, based on upper water column carbon mass balance, were significantly correlated (in the order of shared variance) with (1) total particle volumes from images, (2) particulate organic carbon, and (3) chlorophyll fluorescence, all recorded at a depth range of 200–300 m. Carbon export was not significantly correlated with particle abundance measured by a Coulter counter at the same depth range. Measuring total particle volume below the primary pycnocline is therefore a useful approach to estimate carbon export at least in regions characterized by seasonally high particle export. Still Image Antarc* Antarctica North Atlantic Ross Sea Subarctic Frontiers: Figshare Coulter ENVELOPE(-58.033,-58.033,-83.283,-83.283) Ross Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Frontiers: Figshare |
op_collection_id |
ftfrontimediafig |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biological pump particle flux Antarctica Atlantic carbon export |
spellingShingle |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biological pump particle flux Antarctica Atlantic carbon export Alexander B. Bochdansky Robert B. Dunbar Dennis A. Hansell Gerhard J. Herndl Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf |
topic_facet |
Oceanography Marine Biology Marine Geoscience Biological Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Physical Oceanography Marine Engineering biological pump particle flux Antarctica Atlantic carbon export |
description |
Optical instruments can rapidly determine numbers and characteristics of water column particles with high sensitivity. Here we show the usefulness of optically assessed total particle volume below the main pycnocline to estimate carbon export in two systems: the open subarctic North Atlantic and the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Both regions exhibit seasonally high phytoplankton production and efficient export (i.e., a strong biological pump). Total particle volumes in the mesopelagic (200–300 m) were significantly correlated with those in the overlying surface mixed layer (50–60 m), indicating that most particles at depth reflect export from the surface. This connectivity, however, is modulated by the physical structure of the water column and by particle type (e.g., the presence of colonies of the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica versus diatoms). Evidence from both regions show that a strong pycnocline can delay or may even prevent particles from settling to deeper layers, which then succumb to disintegration, and microbial and zooplankton consumption. Strong katabatic winds in the Ross Sea may deepen the mixed layer, causing a rapid transfer of particles to mesopelagic depths through the mixed-layer pump. Independent estimates of seasonally integrated export production in the Ross Sea, based on upper water column carbon mass balance, were significantly correlated (in the order of shared variance) with (1) total particle volumes from images, (2) particulate organic carbon, and (3) chlorophyll fluorescence, all recorded at a depth range of 200–300 m. Carbon export was not significantly correlated with particle abundance measured by a Coulter counter at the same depth range. Measuring total particle volume below the primary pycnocline is therefore a useful approach to estimate carbon export at least in regions characterized by seasonally high particle export. |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Alexander B. Bochdansky Robert B. Dunbar Dennis A. Hansell Gerhard J. Herndl |
author_facet |
Alexander B. Bochdansky Robert B. Dunbar Dennis A. Hansell Gerhard J. Herndl |
author_sort |
Alexander B. Bochdansky |
title |
Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf |
title_short |
Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf |
title_full |
Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf |
title_fullStr |
Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_2_Estimating Carbon Flux From Optically Recording Total Particle Volume at Depths Below the Primary Pycnocline.pdf |
title_sort |
image_2_estimating carbon flux from optically recording total particle volume at depths below the primary pycnocline.pdf |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00778.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Estimating_Carbon_Flux_From_Optically_Recording_Total_Particle_Volume_at_Depths_Below_the_Primary_Pycnocline_pdf/11414136 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-58.033,-58.033,-83.283,-83.283) |
geographic |
Coulter Ross Sea |
geographic_facet |
Coulter Ross Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica North Atlantic Ross Sea Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica North Atlantic Ross Sea Subarctic |
op_relation |
doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00778.s003 https://figshare.com/articles/Image_2_Estimating_Carbon_Flux_From_Optically_Recording_Total_Particle_Volume_at_Depths_Below_the_Primary_Pycnocline_pdf/11414136 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00778.s003 |
_version_ |
1766270050302427136 |