Dynamics in biotechnology policy-making in Europe in the period 1994-2006
S.283-302 This article analyses the dynamics in national biotechnology policy-making in the 15 old EU member states and three associated European countries (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) in the period from 1994-2006. It uses two data sets on national biotechnology policy instruments; the first co...
Published in: | International Journal of Biotechnology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2008
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/216167 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2008.019555 |
Summary: | S.283-302 This article analyses the dynamics in national biotechnology policy-making in the 15 old EU member states and three associated European countries (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) in the period from 1994-2006. It uses two data sets on national biotechnology policy instruments; the first covers the period from 1994-1998 and the second, the period from 2002-2005. The article analyses the changes in the first and second-generation policies and policy instruments that support biotechnology from a national systems perspective and assesses the changes in terms of market and systems failures. Analysis shows that first-generation policies (supporting basic and applied research) have kept their top position. Strong dynamics were found in second-generation policies encouraging technology transfer and commercialisation. A major trend in 2002-2005 was the increased regional government participation in biotechnology policy-making. 10 Nr.4 |
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