Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C
We studied vertical distribution of oxygen under the ice of 5 medium-sized, morphologically variable lakes that cooled well below 4 °C before freezing. In the upper part of the water column, dissolved oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations generally remained vertically almost uniform,...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Other/Unknown Material |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Freshwater Biological Association
2013
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.fba.org.uk/journals/index.php/IW/article/view/514 |
| id |
ftfbaojs:oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/514 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
openpolar |
| spelling |
ftfbaojs:oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/514 2023-05-15T15:07:27+02:00 Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C Merja Johanna Pulkkanen Kalevi Salonen Boreal and sub-arctic lakes 2013-01-28 application/pdf https://www.fba.org.uk/journals/index.php/IW/article/view/514 en eng Freshwater Biological Association The submitting author (or their employer, if the author is not entitled to do so) will be required to check a box indicating that they have read, understood and accept the terms of this Copyright Notice. Author's declaration This article is submitted for publication in Inland Waters by me. I, the author (or his/her employer) confirm that: this article has not been published previously and it is not being considered for publication elsewhere, either in whole or substantial part; all persons entitled to authorship have been so included; all authors have read the submitted manuscript and approve its submission; the work conforms to the legal requirements of the country in which it was carried out, including those relating to conservation and welfare. Copyright to the above work (including all original text, photographs, images, tables and graphs*) is hereby transferred to the International Society of Limnology (SIL). I confirm that I have suitable rights to all content* and am legally permitted to transfer ownership to SIL. I accept responsibility for transferring copyright on behalf of any co-authors. * Excepting content for which I do not own the copyright but have obtained the necessary permission to reproduce. (Note: evidence of such permissions must be uploaded during step four of the submission process (Supplementary Files)). Rights of authors, publication, and permissions to reproduce The author retains the right to: display the submitted version of the manuscript (as first submitted to Inland Waters, prior to peer review), and/or the abstract only of the published article, on their personal/academic website(s); use (and permit others to use) the submitted version within their own organisation for non-commercial uses, e.g. for teaching purposes provided it is clearly stated that the manuscript is unpublished, and full bibliographic reference to the published article is given. Recommended text: Unpublished manuscript [if applicable]. The full text of this article Inland Waters; Vol 3, No 1 (2013); 15-24 Dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved oxygen ice cover sediment heat flux water temperature Field study 2013 ftfbaojs 2019-09-01T07:51:02Z We studied vertical distribution of oxygen under the ice of 5 medium-sized, morphologically variable lakes that cooled well below 4 °C before freezing. In the upper part of the water column, dissolved oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations generally remained vertically almost uniform, but in the deepest water, concentrations changed rapidly near the bottom. The coincidence of the changes with an increase in deep water temperature shows that they were due to advection of water made heavier by the heat flux from the sediment. Consequently, water with low concentrations of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon accumulated in the deepest part of the lake (i.e., outcome of sediment respiration on a large area was focused to a limited volume of the lake). This conclusion was supported by the results of an experiment in which water samples incubated at different depths showed no vertical differences in oxygen consumption. Our results show that temperature-dependent hydrodynamics affect under-ice oxygen conditions in medium-sized temperate lake basins. Interannual variation in water temperature and differences in morphology between lake basins probably cause significant variations in the accumulation of water in the deepest layers during winter. Other/Unknown Material Arctic FBA Journal System (Freshwater Biological Association) Arctic |
| institution |
Open Polar |
| collection |
FBA Journal System (Freshwater Biological Association) |
| op_collection_id |
ftfbaojs |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved oxygen ice cover sediment heat flux water temperature |
| spellingShingle |
Dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved oxygen ice cover sediment heat flux water temperature Merja Johanna Pulkkanen Kalevi Salonen Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C |
| topic_facet |
Dissolved inorganic carbon dissolved oxygen ice cover sediment heat flux water temperature |
| description |
We studied vertical distribution of oxygen under the ice of 5 medium-sized, morphologically variable lakes that cooled well below 4 °C before freezing. In the upper part of the water column, dissolved oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations generally remained vertically almost uniform, but in the deepest water, concentrations changed rapidly near the bottom. The coincidence of the changes with an increase in deep water temperature shows that they were due to advection of water made heavier by the heat flux from the sediment. Consequently, water with low concentrations of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon accumulated in the deepest part of the lake (i.e., outcome of sediment respiration on a large area was focused to a limited volume of the lake). This conclusion was supported by the results of an experiment in which water samples incubated at different depths showed no vertical differences in oxygen consumption. Our results show that temperature-dependent hydrodynamics affect under-ice oxygen conditions in medium-sized temperate lake basins. Interannual variation in water temperature and differences in morphology between lake basins probably cause significant variations in the accumulation of water in the deepest layers during winter. |
| format |
Other/Unknown Material |
| author |
Merja Johanna Pulkkanen Kalevi Salonen |
| author_facet |
Merja Johanna Pulkkanen Kalevi Salonen |
| author_sort |
Merja Johanna Pulkkanen |
| title |
Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C |
| title_short |
Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C |
| title_full |
Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C |
| title_fullStr |
Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °C |
| title_sort |
accumulation of low oxygen water in deep waters of ice-covered lakes cooled below 4 °c |
| publisher |
Freshwater Biological Association |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
https://www.fba.org.uk/journals/index.php/IW/article/view/514 |
| op_coverage |
Boreal and sub-arctic lakes |
| geographic |
Arctic |
| geographic_facet |
Arctic |
| genre |
Arctic |
| genre_facet |
Arctic |
| op_source |
Inland Waters; Vol 3, No 1 (2013); 15-24 |
| op_rights |
The submitting author (or their employer, if the author is not entitled to do so) will be required to check a box indicating that they have read, understood and accept the terms of this Copyright Notice. Author's declaration This article is submitted for publication in Inland Waters by me. I, the author (or his/her employer) confirm that: this article has not been published previously and it is not being considered for publication elsewhere, either in whole or substantial part; all persons entitled to authorship have been so included; all authors have read the submitted manuscript and approve its submission; the work conforms to the legal requirements of the country in which it was carried out, including those relating to conservation and welfare. Copyright to the above work (including all original text, photographs, images, tables and graphs*) is hereby transferred to the International Society of Limnology (SIL). I confirm that I have suitable rights to all content* and am legally permitted to transfer ownership to SIL. I accept responsibility for transferring copyright on behalf of any co-authors. * Excepting content for which I do not own the copyright but have obtained the necessary permission to reproduce. (Note: evidence of such permissions must be uploaded during step four of the submission process (Supplementary Files)). Rights of authors, publication, and permissions to reproduce The author retains the right to: display the submitted version of the manuscript (as first submitted to Inland Waters, prior to peer review), and/or the abstract only of the published article, on their personal/academic website(s); use (and permit others to use) the submitted version within their own organisation for non-commercial uses, e.g. for teaching purposes provided it is clearly stated that the manuscript is unpublished, and full bibliographic reference to the published article is given. Recommended text: Unpublished manuscript [if applicable]. The full text of this article |
| _version_ |
1766338960354705408 |